Factors influencing intention of elective cesarean section among pregnant women in Quang Ngai province, Vietnam
Keywords:
Intention, elective cesarean section, attitude, subjective norms, fear of childbirth, VietnamAbstract
In recent years, an increasing rate of caesarean section has concurred with increased incidence rate in Vietnam. Therefore, the aimed of this study were to examine intention of elective cesarean section and to determine factors influencing intention of elective cesarean section among pregnant women. A simple random sampling technique used to recruit 107 pregnant women in the third trimester to participant in this study. Data were collected from February to March, 2015 in Quang Ngai General Hospital, Vietnam. Participants were filled self-report questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations and standard multiple regressions were computed for data analysis. Result revealed that mean score of intention of elective cesarean section was 8.42 (SD = 3.99, range = 2 – 14) considered as a moderate level. Attitude, subjective norms and fear of childbirth were significantly positive associated with intention of elective cesarean section from high to moderate correlation (r = .825, p < .001; r = .843, p < .001; and r = .522, p < .001, respectively). Result of standard multiple regressions showed that all three independent variables explained approximately 79% of intention of elective cesarean section (F 3,103 = 125.44, p < .001). In the model, intention of elective cesarean section was found to be greatest among women who were subjective norms (β = .43, p < .001), following by attitude (β = .39, p < .001), and fear of childbirth (β = .19, p < .001). These findings highlight suggestion that nurses and midwives should be gained perception and changed attitude of pregnant women and their relatives preferring to cesarean section.
References
Zhao Y, Chen S. Psychosocial factors for women requesting cesarean section. Int Jour of Clinic Med 2013; 4: 395-399.
Thuyen TK, Hue N T, Truc LTT, Thuy DT. Cac yeu to lien quan den muon sinh mo tai khoa san, benh vien An Giang; 2013 [Internet]. Available from file:///C:/Users/W7/Downloads/BAI31-CAC-YEU-TO-LIEN-QUAN-DEN-MUON-SANH-MO-TAI-KHOA-SAN-BENH-VIEN-AN-GIANG.pdf
Wang Z, Sun W, Zhou H. Midwife-led care model for reducing caesarean rate: A novel concept for worldwide birth units where standard obstetric care still dominates. J Med Hypotheses Ideas 2012; 6: 28–31.
Liu S, Liston R M, Joseph K S, Heaman M, Sauve R, Kramer MS. Maternal health study group of the Canadian perinatal surveillance system. Maternal mortality and severe morbidity associated with low-risk planned cesarean section delivery versus planned vaginal delivery at term. CMAJ 2007; 176(4): 455–460.
Keen K. Factors influencing differences in primary cesarean section rates in midwife compared to physician practices; 2004 [Internet]. Available from http://www.instituteofmidwifery.org/MSFinalProj.nsf/82fd56378e8efc3c8525684f005bc9f1/d30a23fda21f899485256e3d0002bc88?OpenDocument
LeeY M, D’Alton M E. Cesarean delivery on maternal request: the impact on mother and newborn. Clinical Perinatology 2008; 35: 505–518.
Ecker J. Elective Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request. J Am Med Assoc 2013, 309(18): 1930-1936.
Betrán AP, Merialdi M, Lauer JA, Bing-shun W, Thomas J, Look PV, et al. Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2007; 21: 98 – 113.
Wagner M. Choosing caesarean section. Lancet 2000; 356: 1677–1680
Gallagher F, Bell L, Waddell G, Benoıt A, Cote N. Requesting cesareans without medical indications: An option being considered by young Canadian women. BIRTH 2012; 39(1): 39-47.
McCourt C, Weaver J, Statham H, Beake S, Gamble J, Creedy D K. Elective cesarean section and decision making: A critical review of the literature. BIRTH 2007; 34(1): 65-79.
Lee LYK, Holroyd E, Ng CY. Exploring factors influencing Chinese women's decision to have elective caesarean surgery. Midwifery 2001; 17: 314 -322.
Lo J C. Patients’ attitudes vs. physicians’ determination: implications for cesarean sections. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 91–96.
Hsu K H, Liao PL, Hwang CJ. Factors affecting Taiwanese women’s choice of cesarean section. Soc Sci Med 2008; 66: 201–209.
Johansson M, Radestad I, Rubertsson C, Karlstrom A, Hildingsson I. Few fathers-to-be prefer caesarean section for the birth of their baby. BJOG 2010; 117: 761–764.
Yamasmit W, Chaithongwongwatthana S. Attitude and preference of Thai pregnant women towards mode of delivery. J Med Assoc Thai 2012; 95(5): 619-624.
Gamble J, Creedy DK, McCourt C, Weaver J, Beake S. A critique of the literature on women’s request for cesarean section. BIRTH 2007; 34(4): 331-340.
Chong ESY, Mongelli M. Attitudes of Singapore women toward cesarean and vaginal deliveries. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003; 80:189–194.
Sercekus P, Okumus H. Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery 2007; 25: 155–162.
Fuglenes D, Aas E, Botten G, Øian P, Kristiansen IS. Why do some pregnant women prefer cesarean? The influence of parity, delivery experiences, and fear. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205(45): e1-e9.
Waldenstrom U, Hildingsson I, Ryding EL. Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006; 113: 638–646.
Fisher C, Hauck Y, Fenwick J. How social context impacts on women’s fears of childbirth: A Western Australian example. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63: 64–75.
Faisal-Cury A, Menezes PR. Factors associated with preference for cesarean delivery. Rev Saúde Pública 2006; 40(2): 1-7.
Yazdizadeh B, Nedjat S, Mohammad K, Rashidian A, Changizi N, Majdzadeh R. Cesarean section rate in Iran, multidimensional approaches for behavioral change of providers: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research 2011; 11(159): 1-14.
Ajzen I. Attitude, Personality, and Behavior. Open University Press, Milton Keynes; 1988. Buckingham.
Fishbein M, Ajzen I. Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1975
Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1991; 50(2): 179-211.
Armitage C, Conner M. Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta- analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology 2001; 40(4): 471- 499.
Rivis A, Sheeran P. Current Psychology: Developmental, learning, personality, social. Fall 2003; 22(3): 218-233.
Mungrue K, Nixon C, David Y, Dookwah D, Durga S, Greene K, Mohammed H. Trinidadian women’s knowledge, perceptions, and preferences regarding cesarean section: How do they make choices? International Journal of Women’s Health 2010; 2: 387–391.
Okonkwo NS, Ojengbede OA, Morhason-Bello IO, Adedokun BO. Maternal demand for cesarean section: perception and willingness to request by Nigerian antenatal clients. International Journal of Women’s Health 2012; 4: 141-148.
Pang MW, Leung TN, Lau TK, Chung TKH. Impact of First Childbirth on Changes in Women’s Preference for Mode of Delivery: Follow-up of a Longitudinal Observational Study. BIRTH 2008; 35(2): 121-128.
Aksoy M, Aksoy AN, Dostbil A, Celik MG, Ince I. The relationship between fear of childbirth and women’s knowledge about painless childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014; 2014: 1-7.
Tai C. Development of an investigator-designed questionnaire concerning childbirth delivery options based on the theory of planned behavior [dissertation]. University of South Florida; 2013.
Federick L. Statistics: A gentle introduction. New Delhi: Sage Publication India 2006.
Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 1998; 19: 84–97.
Wax JR, Cartin A, Pinette MG, Blackstone J. Patient choice cesarean—the Maine experience. BIRTH 2005; 32(3): 203-206.
Lewis L, Hauck YL, Ritchie S, Barnett L, Nunan, H, Rivers C. Australian women’s perception of their preparation for and actual experience of a recent scheduled caesarean birth. Midwifery 2014; 30: e131–e136.
Hull P Mc, Bedwell C, Lavender T. Why do some women prefer birth by caesarean? An intemet survey. BJM 2011; 19(11): 708-717.
Pevzner L, Preslicka C, Bush MC, Chan K. Women’s attitudes regarding mode of delivery and cesarean delivery on maternal request. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2013; 24(7): 894–899.
Johansson M, Hildingsson I, Fenwick J. Important factors working to mediate Swedish fathers’ experiences of a caesarean section. Midwifery 2013; 29: 1041–1049.
Munro S, Kornelson J, Hutton E. Decision making in patient-initiated elective caesarean delivery: The influence of birth stories. Journal of Midwifery Women’s Health 2009; 54(5): 373–379.
Adams S, Eberhard-Gran M, Eskild A. Fear of childbirth and duration of labour: a study of 2206 women with intended vaginal delivery. BJOG 2012; 119: 1238–1246.
Nieminen K, Stephansson O, Ryding EL. Women’s fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section a cross-sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica 2009; 88: 807-813.
Fenwick J, Staff L, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Bayes S. Why do women request caesarean section in a normal, healthy first pregnancy? Midwifery 2010; 26(4): 394–400.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Journal of Nursing Science and Health is copyright holder of published articles. Distributions of articles published in Journal of Nursing Science and Health including online, photocopying which is not for teaching-learning purpose, publication submission elsewhere are prohibited except obtaining permission from the Journal of Nursing Science and Health.
