Knowledge Creation in Thai SMEs: The Role of Market Environment
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Published:
Mar 22, 2018
Keywords:
Market environment knowledge creation SMEs, National Innovation Agency (NIA).
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of market environment factors on knowledge creation in Thai SMEs. 464 questionnaires were distributed to the Thai SMEs registered under National Innovation Agency (NIA) and 217 were returned. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to determine the effect of market environment (customer orientation, competitor orientation and supplier orientation) on knowledge creation. The results indicated that the market environment has an impact on knowledge creation. Furthermore, the findings suggest that customer orientation is the most significant influential factor on knowledge creation. This study provides an empirical analysis on the importance of market environment on knowledge creation process in SMEs and its impact on companies’ innovative knowledge outcomes.
Article Details
How to Cite
Abdul Wahid, K., Numprasertchai, H., Sudharatna, Y., Laohavichien, T., & Numprasertchai, S. (2018). Knowledge Creation in Thai SMEs: The Role of Market Environment. Al-HIKMAH Journal, 6(12), 17–34. Retrieved from https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/HIKMAH/article/view/116336
Section
Research Article
References
Adams, G., & Lomont, B. 2003. “Knowledge management systems and developing sustainable competitive advantage”, Journal of Knowledge Management. 7(2), 142-154.
Ahire, S.L., Golhar, D.Y., & Waller, M.A. 1996. “Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs”, Decision Sciences. 27, 23–56.
Anderson, J.C., & Gerbing, D.W. 1988. “Structural equation modelling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach”, Psychological Bulletin. 103 (3), 411-423
Andrews, J., & Smith, D. 1996. “In search of marketing imagination: factors affecting the creativity of marketing programs for mature products”, Journal of Marketing Research. 33, 17-37.
Ayuso, S., Rodriguez, M., Garcia-Castro, R., & Arino, M. 2011. “Does stakeholder engagement promote sustainable innovation orientation?”, Industrial Management and Data Systems. 11(9), 1399-1417.
Bagozzi, R.P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L.W. 1991. “Assessing construct validity in organizational research”, Administrative Science Quarterly. 36, 421–458.
Bergfors, M., & Larsson, A. 2009. “Product and process innovation in process industry: a new perspective on development”, Journal of Strategy and Management. 2(3), 261-276.
Bowen, N.K., & Guo, S. 2012. Structural Equation Modelling. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brown, S.L. & Eisenhardt, K.K. 1995. “Product development: Past research, present findings, and future directions”, Academy of Management Review. 20(2), 343-378.
Bryant, S. 2005. “The impact of peer mentoring on organizational knowledge creation and sharing: an empirical study in a software firm”, Group and Organization Management. 30(3), 319-338.
Cardinal, L., & Allessandri, T. 2001. “Knowledge codifiability, resources and science based innovation”, Journal of Knowledge Management. 5(2), 195-204.
Capon, N., Farley, J., Hulbert, J., & Lehmann, D. 1992. “Profiles of product innovators among large US manufacturers”, Management Science. 38(February), 157-169.
Chen, I. J., Pauraj, A., & Lado, A. A. 2004. “Strategic purchasing, supply management and firm performance”, Journal of Operations Management. 22(5), 505-523.
Cohen, W., & Lavinthal, D. 1990. “Absortive capacity-a new perspective on learning and innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly. 35, 128-152.
Crocker, L., & Algina, J. 1986. Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Danneels, E., & Kleinschmidt, E. 2001. “Product innovativeness from the firm's persepctive: its dimensions adn their relation with product selection and performance”, The Journal of Product Innovation Management. 18(6), 357-373.
Dawes, J. 2000. “Market orientation and company profitability: further evidence incorporating longitudinal data”, Australian Journal of Management. 25(2), 173-200.
Day, G. 1994. “The capabilities of market-driven organizations”, Journal of Marketing. 58(October), 37-52.
Drew, S.A.W. 1997. “From knowledge to action: the impact of benchmarking on organizational performance”, Long Range Planning. 30(3), 427-441.
Dorri, B., & Talebnejod, A. 2008. “Investigating the situation of the techniques of knowledge creation in the universities related to ministry of education, research and information technology”, Quarterly of Research and Programming in Higher Education. 49.
Drucker, P.F. 1985. Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York: Harper & Row.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. 1981. “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”, Journal of Marketing Research. 19, 39- 50.
Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
Gao, S., Mokhtarian, P.L., & Johnston, R.A. 2008. “Nonnormality of data in structural equation models”, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2082(1), 116-124.
Gatignon, H., & Xuereb, J.M. 1997. “Strategic Orientation of the Firm and New Product Performance”, Journal of Marketing Research. 34(1), 77-90.
George, D., & Mallery, P. 2003. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Gerbing, D.A., & Anderson, J.C. 1992. “Monte Carlo evaluations of goodness of fit indices for structural equation models”, Sociological Methods and Research. 2(2), 132-160.
Goldenberg, J., Lehmann, D., & Mazursky, D. 2001. “The idea itself and the circumstances of its emergence as predictors of new product success”, Management Science. 47(1), 69-84.
Grant, R. 1996. “Prospering in dynamically-competitive environment: organizational capability as knowledge integration”, Organization Science. 7, 376-387.
Gratton, L., & Ghoshal, S. 2003. “Managing Personal Human Capital: New Ethos for the ‘Volunteer’ Employee”, European Management Journal. 21(1), 1-10.
Gwinner, K.P., Bitner, M.J., Brown, S.W., & Kumar, A. 2005. “Service customization through employee adaptiveness”, Journal of Service Research. 8(2), 131-148.
Hasgall, A., & Shoham, S. 2008. “Knowledge process: form managing people to managing processes”, Journal of Knowledge Management. 12(1), 51-62.
Hauser, J., & Clausing, D. 1988. “The house of quality”, Harvard Business Review. (May-June), 63-73.
Henard, D., & Szymanski, D. 2001. “Why some new products are more successful than others”, Journal of Marketing Research. 38(3), 362-375.
Holmes, S., & Smart, P. 2009. “Exploring open innovation practice in firm-nonprofit engagements: a corporate social responsibility perspective”, R&D Management. 39(4), 394-409.
Hsu, Y. 2011. “Design innovation and marketing strategy in successful product competition”, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. 26(4), 223-236.
Iacobucci, D. 2010. “Structural equations modelling: Fit Indices, sample size, and advanced topics”, Journal of Consumer Psychology. 20, 90–98.
Jaworski, B.J., & Kohli, A.K. 1993. “Market orientation: antecedents and consequences”, Journal of Marketing. 57 (July), 53-70.
Kaynak, H. 2003. “The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance”, Journal of Operations Management. 21, 405-435.
Kim, D.Y. 2010. The Impacts of Quality Management Practices on Innovation (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertation & Thesis Global. (Accession No. 816192017).
Kline, R.B. 2005. Principles and practices of Structural Equation Modelling. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
Kohli, A., & Jaworski, B.J. 1990. “Market orientation: the construct, research propositions and managerial implications”, Journal of Marketing. 54(April), 1-18.
Kotler, P. 2000. Marketing Management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Krause, D.R. 1999. “The antecedents of buying firms’ efforts to improve suppliers”, Journal of Operations Management. 17, 205– 224.
Kristensson, P., Matthing, J., & Johansson, N. 2008. “Key strategies for the successful involvement of customers in the co-creation of new technology-based services”, International Journal of Service Industry Management. 21(4), 474-491.
Larger, T. 2002. “A structural analysis of process development in process industry-a new classification system for strategic project selection and portfolio balancing”, Rand Management. 32(1), 87-95.
Lau, A.K.W. 2011. “Supplier and customer involvement on new product performance: contextual factors and empirical test from manufacturer perspective”, Industrial Management and Data Systems. 111(6), 910-942.
Lavie, D. 2006. “Capability reconfiguration: an analysis of incumbent responses to technological change”, Academy of Management Review. 31(1), 153-174.
Lin, R.J., Chen, R.H., & Chiu, K.K.S. 2010. “Customer relationship management and innovation capability: an empirical study”, Industrial Management & Data Systems. 110(1), 111-133.
Madhavan, R., & Grover, R. 1998. “From embedded knowledge to embodied knowledge: new product development as knowledge management”, Journal of Marketing. 62(4), 1-12.
Malhotra, N.K. 2002. Basic Marketing Research: Applications to Contemporary. New Jersey: Prentice Hall International.
Masrek, M.N. 2007. “Measuring campus portal effectiveness and the contributing factors”, Campus-Wide Information System. 24(5): 342-354.
McEvily, S., & Chakravarthy, B. 2002. “The persistence of knowledge-based advantage an empirical test for product performanceand technological knowledge”, Strategic Management Journal. 23(4), 285-305.
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. 1983. “Strategy-making and environment: the third link”, Strategic Management Journal. 4(3), 221-235.
Mueller, T.A., & Gemünden, H.G. 2009. “Founder team interaction, customer and competitor orientation in software ventures”, Management Research News. 32(6), 539-554.
Narver, J., & Slater, S. 1990. “The effect of amarket orientation on business performance”, Journal of Marketing. 54(October), 20-35.
Noble, C.H., Sinha, R.K., & Kumar, A. 2002. “Market orientation and alternative strategic orientations: a longitudinal assessment of performance implications”, Journal of Marketing. 66(4), 25-39.
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. 1995. The Knowledge Creating Company. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. 2003. “The knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process”, Knowledge Management Research and Practice. 1, 2-10.
Nwokah, N. G. 2009. “Customer focus, competitor focus and marketing performance”, Measuring Business Excellence. 13(3), 20-28.
Polanyi, M. 1967. The Tacit Dimension. New York, NY: Doubleday.
Porter, M.E. 1980. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors. New York: The Free Press.
Rowley, J., Kupiec-Teahan, B., & Leeming, E. 2007. “Customer community and co-creation: a case study”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning. 25(2), 135-146.
Schumpeter, J. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.
Shamsuzzoha, A., Kyllonen, S., & Helo, P. 2009. “Collaborative customized product development framework”, Industrial Management & Data Systems. 109(5), 718-35.
Sila, L., & Ebrahimpour, M. 2005. “Critical linkages among TQM factors and business results”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management. 25(11), 1123-1125.
Slater, S., & Narver, J. 1999. “Market-oriented is more than being customer-led”, Strategic Management Journal. 20(12), 1165-1168.
Spender, J. 1996. “Making knowledge the basis of dynamic theory of the firm”, Strategic Management Journal. 17(Winter Special Issue), 45-62.
Sudharatna, Y. (2010). Learning organization. 2nd ed. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.
Szulanski, G. 2003. Sticky Knowledge – Barriers to Knowing in the Firm. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
SØrensen, H. 2009. “Why competitors matter for market orientation”, European Journal of Marketing. 43(5/6), 735-761.
Tannenbaum, A., & Nash, E. 2002. “Central intelligence-in life sciences as in other industries, sharing integrated business and competitive intelligence is a valuable competitive advantage”, Intelligent Enterprise. 24.
Takeuchi, H., & Nonaka, I. 2004. “Knowledge creation and dialectics”. In H. Takeuchi & I. Nonaka (Eds), Hitotsubashi on Knowledge Management (pp.1-27). Singapore: John Wiley and Sons.
Thompson, A.A. Jr, Strickland III., & Gamble, J.E. 2010. Crafting and Executive Strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Toften, K., & Hammervoll, T. 2013. “Niche marketing research: status and challenges”, Journal of Marketing Intelligence & Planning. 3(3), 272-285.
Tsoukas, H., & Mylonopoulos, N. 2004. “Introduction: knowledge construction and creation in organizations”, British Journal of Management. 15(1), 1-8.
Wang, L., & Ahmed, P. 2004. “The development and validation of the organizational innovativeness construct using confirmatory”, European Journal of Innovation Management. 7(4), 303-313.
Yang, J. 2007. “The contingency value of knowledge in new product creativity”, International Journal of Technology Management. 40(Nos 1/2/3),
Ahire, S.L., Golhar, D.Y., & Waller, M.A. 1996. “Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs”, Decision Sciences. 27, 23–56.
Anderson, J.C., & Gerbing, D.W. 1988. “Structural equation modelling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach”, Psychological Bulletin. 103 (3), 411-423
Andrews, J., & Smith, D. 1996. “In search of marketing imagination: factors affecting the creativity of marketing programs for mature products”, Journal of Marketing Research. 33, 17-37.
Ayuso, S., Rodriguez, M., Garcia-Castro, R., & Arino, M. 2011. “Does stakeholder engagement promote sustainable innovation orientation?”, Industrial Management and Data Systems. 11(9), 1399-1417.
Bagozzi, R.P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L.W. 1991. “Assessing construct validity in organizational research”, Administrative Science Quarterly. 36, 421–458.
Bergfors, M., & Larsson, A. 2009. “Product and process innovation in process industry: a new perspective on development”, Journal of Strategy and Management. 2(3), 261-276.
Bowen, N.K., & Guo, S. 2012. Structural Equation Modelling. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brown, S.L. & Eisenhardt, K.K. 1995. “Product development: Past research, present findings, and future directions”, Academy of Management Review. 20(2), 343-378.
Bryant, S. 2005. “The impact of peer mentoring on organizational knowledge creation and sharing: an empirical study in a software firm”, Group and Organization Management. 30(3), 319-338.
Cardinal, L., & Allessandri, T. 2001. “Knowledge codifiability, resources and science based innovation”, Journal of Knowledge Management. 5(2), 195-204.
Capon, N., Farley, J., Hulbert, J., & Lehmann, D. 1992. “Profiles of product innovators among large US manufacturers”, Management Science. 38(February), 157-169.
Chen, I. J., Pauraj, A., & Lado, A. A. 2004. “Strategic purchasing, supply management and firm performance”, Journal of Operations Management. 22(5), 505-523.
Cohen, W., & Lavinthal, D. 1990. “Absortive capacity-a new perspective on learning and innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly. 35, 128-152.
Crocker, L., & Algina, J. 1986. Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Danneels, E., & Kleinschmidt, E. 2001. “Product innovativeness from the firm's persepctive: its dimensions adn their relation with product selection and performance”, The Journal of Product Innovation Management. 18(6), 357-373.
Dawes, J. 2000. “Market orientation and company profitability: further evidence incorporating longitudinal data”, Australian Journal of Management. 25(2), 173-200.
Day, G. 1994. “The capabilities of market-driven organizations”, Journal of Marketing. 58(October), 37-52.
Drew, S.A.W. 1997. “From knowledge to action: the impact of benchmarking on organizational performance”, Long Range Planning. 30(3), 427-441.
Dorri, B., & Talebnejod, A. 2008. “Investigating the situation of the techniques of knowledge creation in the universities related to ministry of education, research and information technology”, Quarterly of Research and Programming in Higher Education. 49.
Drucker, P.F. 1985. Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York: Harper & Row.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. 1981. “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”, Journal of Marketing Research. 19, 39- 50.
Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
Gao, S., Mokhtarian, P.L., & Johnston, R.A. 2008. “Nonnormality of data in structural equation models”, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2082(1), 116-124.
Gatignon, H., & Xuereb, J.M. 1997. “Strategic Orientation of the Firm and New Product Performance”, Journal of Marketing Research. 34(1), 77-90.
George, D., & Mallery, P. 2003. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Gerbing, D.A., & Anderson, J.C. 1992. “Monte Carlo evaluations of goodness of fit indices for structural equation models”, Sociological Methods and Research. 2(2), 132-160.
Goldenberg, J., Lehmann, D., & Mazursky, D. 2001. “The idea itself and the circumstances of its emergence as predictors of new product success”, Management Science. 47(1), 69-84.
Grant, R. 1996. “Prospering in dynamically-competitive environment: organizational capability as knowledge integration”, Organization Science. 7, 376-387.
Gratton, L., & Ghoshal, S. 2003. “Managing Personal Human Capital: New Ethos for the ‘Volunteer’ Employee”, European Management Journal. 21(1), 1-10.
Gwinner, K.P., Bitner, M.J., Brown, S.W., & Kumar, A. 2005. “Service customization through employee adaptiveness”, Journal of Service Research. 8(2), 131-148.
Hasgall, A., & Shoham, S. 2008. “Knowledge process: form managing people to managing processes”, Journal of Knowledge Management. 12(1), 51-62.
Hauser, J., & Clausing, D. 1988. “The house of quality”, Harvard Business Review. (May-June), 63-73.
Henard, D., & Szymanski, D. 2001. “Why some new products are more successful than others”, Journal of Marketing Research. 38(3), 362-375.
Holmes, S., & Smart, P. 2009. “Exploring open innovation practice in firm-nonprofit engagements: a corporate social responsibility perspective”, R&D Management. 39(4), 394-409.
Hsu, Y. 2011. “Design innovation and marketing strategy in successful product competition”, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. 26(4), 223-236.
Iacobucci, D. 2010. “Structural equations modelling: Fit Indices, sample size, and advanced topics”, Journal of Consumer Psychology. 20, 90–98.
Jaworski, B.J., & Kohli, A.K. 1993. “Market orientation: antecedents and consequences”, Journal of Marketing. 57 (July), 53-70.
Kaynak, H. 2003. “The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance”, Journal of Operations Management. 21, 405-435.
Kim, D.Y. 2010. The Impacts of Quality Management Practices on Innovation (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertation & Thesis Global. (Accession No. 816192017).
Kline, R.B. 2005. Principles and practices of Structural Equation Modelling. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
Kohli, A., & Jaworski, B.J. 1990. “Market orientation: the construct, research propositions and managerial implications”, Journal of Marketing. 54(April), 1-18.
Kotler, P. 2000. Marketing Management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Krause, D.R. 1999. “The antecedents of buying firms’ efforts to improve suppliers”, Journal of Operations Management. 17, 205– 224.
Kristensson, P., Matthing, J., & Johansson, N. 2008. “Key strategies for the successful involvement of customers in the co-creation of new technology-based services”, International Journal of Service Industry Management. 21(4), 474-491.
Larger, T. 2002. “A structural analysis of process development in process industry-a new classification system for strategic project selection and portfolio balancing”, Rand Management. 32(1), 87-95.
Lau, A.K.W. 2011. “Supplier and customer involvement on new product performance: contextual factors and empirical test from manufacturer perspective”, Industrial Management and Data Systems. 111(6), 910-942.
Lavie, D. 2006. “Capability reconfiguration: an analysis of incumbent responses to technological change”, Academy of Management Review. 31(1), 153-174.
Lin, R.J., Chen, R.H., & Chiu, K.K.S. 2010. “Customer relationship management and innovation capability: an empirical study”, Industrial Management & Data Systems. 110(1), 111-133.
Madhavan, R., & Grover, R. 1998. “From embedded knowledge to embodied knowledge: new product development as knowledge management”, Journal of Marketing. 62(4), 1-12.
Malhotra, N.K. 2002. Basic Marketing Research: Applications to Contemporary. New Jersey: Prentice Hall International.
Masrek, M.N. 2007. “Measuring campus portal effectiveness and the contributing factors”, Campus-Wide Information System. 24(5): 342-354.
McEvily, S., & Chakravarthy, B. 2002. “The persistence of knowledge-based advantage an empirical test for product performanceand technological knowledge”, Strategic Management Journal. 23(4), 285-305.
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. 1983. “Strategy-making and environment: the third link”, Strategic Management Journal. 4(3), 221-235.
Mueller, T.A., & Gemünden, H.G. 2009. “Founder team interaction, customer and competitor orientation in software ventures”, Management Research News. 32(6), 539-554.
Narver, J., & Slater, S. 1990. “The effect of amarket orientation on business performance”, Journal of Marketing. 54(October), 20-35.
Noble, C.H., Sinha, R.K., & Kumar, A. 2002. “Market orientation and alternative strategic orientations: a longitudinal assessment of performance implications”, Journal of Marketing. 66(4), 25-39.
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. 1995. The Knowledge Creating Company. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. 2003. “The knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process”, Knowledge Management Research and Practice. 1, 2-10.
Nwokah, N. G. 2009. “Customer focus, competitor focus and marketing performance”, Measuring Business Excellence. 13(3), 20-28.
Polanyi, M. 1967. The Tacit Dimension. New York, NY: Doubleday.
Porter, M.E. 1980. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors. New York: The Free Press.
Rowley, J., Kupiec-Teahan, B., & Leeming, E. 2007. “Customer community and co-creation: a case study”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning. 25(2), 135-146.
Schumpeter, J. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.
Shamsuzzoha, A., Kyllonen, S., & Helo, P. 2009. “Collaborative customized product development framework”, Industrial Management & Data Systems. 109(5), 718-35.
Sila, L., & Ebrahimpour, M. 2005. “Critical linkages among TQM factors and business results”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management. 25(11), 1123-1125.
Slater, S., & Narver, J. 1999. “Market-oriented is more than being customer-led”, Strategic Management Journal. 20(12), 1165-1168.
Spender, J. 1996. “Making knowledge the basis of dynamic theory of the firm”, Strategic Management Journal. 17(Winter Special Issue), 45-62.
Sudharatna, Y. (2010). Learning organization. 2nd ed. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.
Szulanski, G. 2003. Sticky Knowledge – Barriers to Knowing in the Firm. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
SØrensen, H. 2009. “Why competitors matter for market orientation”, European Journal of Marketing. 43(5/6), 735-761.
Tannenbaum, A., & Nash, E. 2002. “Central intelligence-in life sciences as in other industries, sharing integrated business and competitive intelligence is a valuable competitive advantage”, Intelligent Enterprise. 24.
Takeuchi, H., & Nonaka, I. 2004. “Knowledge creation and dialectics”. In H. Takeuchi & I. Nonaka (Eds), Hitotsubashi on Knowledge Management (pp.1-27). Singapore: John Wiley and Sons.
Thompson, A.A. Jr, Strickland III., & Gamble, J.E. 2010. Crafting and Executive Strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Toften, K., & Hammervoll, T. 2013. “Niche marketing research: status and challenges”, Journal of Marketing Intelligence & Planning. 3(3), 272-285.
Tsoukas, H., & Mylonopoulos, N. 2004. “Introduction: knowledge construction and creation in organizations”, British Journal of Management. 15(1), 1-8.
Wang, L., & Ahmed, P. 2004. “The development and validation of the organizational innovativeness construct using confirmatory”, European Journal of Innovation Management. 7(4), 303-313.
Yang, J. 2007. “The contingency value of knowledge in new product creativity”, International Journal of Technology Management. 40(Nos 1/2/3),