Occurrence of Lymphoid Organ Spheroid Cells in Domesticated Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Broodstock in Thailand
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Abstract
Themortality rate and histopathology of unilaterally ablated female Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) broodstock from six commercial hatcheries in Thailand were studied. Hatcheries A, B, and C used shrimp broodstock that were domesticated in Thailand. These shrimp were reared in earthen ponds without proper biosecurity systems. Meanwhile, hatcheries D, E, and F imported shrimp broodstock from the United States of America (USA) and reared them in closed recycling facilities with biosecurity systems in order to investigate the health of shrimp broodstock used in the Thai shrimp industry. The mortality rate was monitored for two months, and 10 female broodstock with similar lengths (18-21 cm) from each hatchery were sampled for histopathological studies of the hepatopancreas and lymphoid organ. The results revealed that the mortality rate of shrimp domesticated in Thailand was 43.47±9.51%, significantly higher (P>0.05) than that of the imported group, which was 5.93±1.93%. The histopathology of the hepatopancreas revealed that no differences existed in the appearance of the lipid cells in the hepatopancreas of the broodstock from the two studied groups. The number of lipid cells in the shrimp hepatopancreas ranged from 77 to 93%. For the lymphoid organ, a significant difference (P<0.05) was found between the number of spheroids in the lymphoid organ of the shrimp in the group that was domesticated in Thailand (42.00±18.83%) and in the imported group (0.17±0.91%). We suspect that the presence of numerous spheroids in the lymphoid organ of the shrimp in the domesticated group is probably related to the contamination of the infectious antigens during grow out since these shrimp were cultured in earthen ponds without proper biosecurity systems. The practice of only stocking farms with shrimp that are free of diseases, the implementation of effective disease management, better management of land and water usage, and the treatment of effluents can reduce loss due to diseases.
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