Effects of Transcendental Meditation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Review
References
1. Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, et al. Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015. JAMA 2017;317: 165-82.
2. Egan BM, Kjeldsen SE, Grassi G, Esler M, Mancia G. The global burden of hypertension exceeds 1.4 billion people: should a systolic blood pressure target below 130 become the universal standard? J Hypertens 2019.
3. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: NCD mortality and morbidity. at https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/ mortality_morbidity/en/.)
4. World Health Organization. A global brief on Hypertension: Silent killer, global public health crisis. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2013.
5. Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, et al. Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Based Studies From 90 Countries. Circulation 2016;134:441-50.
6. Nidich SI, Rainforth MV, Haaga DA, et al. A randomized controlled trial on effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on blood pressure, psychological distress, and coping in young adults. American journal of hypertension 2009:1326-31.
7. Schneider RH, Grim CE, Rainforth MV, et al. Stress reduction in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Randomized, controlled trial of transcendental meditation and health education in blacks. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2012;5:750-8.
8. Wenneberg SR, Schneider RH, Walton KG, et al. A controlled study of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on cardiovascular reactivity and ambulatory blood pressure. International Journal of Neuroscience 1997;89:15-28.
9. Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Staggers F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in African Americans treated for hypertension for over one year. American journal of hypertension2005:88-98.
10. Paul-Labrador M, Polk D, Dwyer JH, et al. Effects of a randomized controlled trial of transcendental meditation on components of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with coronary heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006;166:1218-24.
11. Bagga OP, Gandhi A. A comparative study of the effect of Transcendental Meditation (T.M.) and Shavasana practice on cardiovascular system. Indian Heart Journal 1983;35:39-45.
12. Holmes DS, Solomon S, Cappo BM, Greenberg JL. Effect of Transcendental Meditation versus resting on physiological and subjective arousal. J Pers Soc Psychol 1983;44: 1245-52.
13. Parulkar VG, Prabhavalkar SL, Bhatt JV. Observations on some physiological effects of transcendental meditation (T.M.). Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 1974;28: 156-8.
14. Waal-Manning HJ, Jenkins DA. Systolic blood pressure and pulse rate during transcendental meditation. Proceedings of the University of Otago Medical School 1979;57: 75-6.
15. Lang R, Dehof K, Meurer KA, Kaufmann W. Sympathetic activity and transcendental meditation. Journal of Neural Transmission 1979;44:117-35.
16. Agarwal BL, Kharbanda A. Effect of transcendental meditation on mild and moderate hypertension. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 1981;29: 591-6.
17. Benson H, Rosner BA, Marzetta BR, Klemchuk HP. Decreased blood pressure in borderline hypertensive subjects who practiced meditation. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1974;27:163-9.
18. Blackwell B, Hanenson I, Bloomfield S. Transcendental meditation in hypertension. Individual response patterns. Lancet 1976;1:223-6.
19. Pollack A, Case D, Weber M, Laragh J. Limitations of transcendental meditation in the treatment of essential hypertension. The Lancet 1977;309:71-3.
20. Seer P, Raeburn JM. Meditation training and essential hypertension: A methodological study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1980;3:59-71.
21. Gash A, Karliner JS. No effect of transcendental meditation on left ventricular function. Annals of Internal Medicine 1978;88:215-6.
22. Delmonte MM. Physiological responses during meditation and rest. Biofeedback and self-regulation1984:181-200.
23. Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Turner JR, Davis H, Strong WB. Acute effects of transcendental meditation on hemodynamic functioning in middle-aged adults. Psychosomatic Medicine 1999;61:525-31.
2. Egan BM, Kjeldsen SE, Grassi G, Esler M, Mancia G. The global burden of hypertension exceeds 1.4 billion people: should a systolic blood pressure target below 130 become the universal standard? J Hypertens 2019.
3. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: NCD mortality and morbidity. at https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/ mortality_morbidity/en/.)
4. World Health Organization. A global brief on Hypertension: Silent killer, global public health crisis. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2013.
5. Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, et al. Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Based Studies From 90 Countries. Circulation 2016;134:441-50.
6. Nidich SI, Rainforth MV, Haaga DA, et al. A randomized controlled trial on effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on blood pressure, psychological distress, and coping in young adults. American journal of hypertension 2009:1326-31.
7. Schneider RH, Grim CE, Rainforth MV, et al. Stress reduction in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Randomized, controlled trial of transcendental meditation and health education in blacks. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2012;5:750-8.
8. Wenneberg SR, Schneider RH, Walton KG, et al. A controlled study of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on cardiovascular reactivity and ambulatory blood pressure. International Journal of Neuroscience 1997;89:15-28.
9. Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Staggers F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction in African Americans treated for hypertension for over one year. American journal of hypertension2005:88-98.
10. Paul-Labrador M, Polk D, Dwyer JH, et al. Effects of a randomized controlled trial of transcendental meditation on components of the metabolic syndrome in subjects with coronary heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006;166:1218-24.
11. Bagga OP, Gandhi A. A comparative study of the effect of Transcendental Meditation (T.M.) and Shavasana practice on cardiovascular system. Indian Heart Journal 1983;35:39-45.
12. Holmes DS, Solomon S, Cappo BM, Greenberg JL. Effect of Transcendental Meditation versus resting on physiological and subjective arousal. J Pers Soc Psychol 1983;44: 1245-52.
13. Parulkar VG, Prabhavalkar SL, Bhatt JV. Observations on some physiological effects of transcendental meditation (T.M.). Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 1974;28: 156-8.
14. Waal-Manning HJ, Jenkins DA. Systolic blood pressure and pulse rate during transcendental meditation. Proceedings of the University of Otago Medical School 1979;57: 75-6.
15. Lang R, Dehof K, Meurer KA, Kaufmann W. Sympathetic activity and transcendental meditation. Journal of Neural Transmission 1979;44:117-35.
16. Agarwal BL, Kharbanda A. Effect of transcendental meditation on mild and moderate hypertension. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 1981;29: 591-6.
17. Benson H, Rosner BA, Marzetta BR, Klemchuk HP. Decreased blood pressure in borderline hypertensive subjects who practiced meditation. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1974;27:163-9.
18. Blackwell B, Hanenson I, Bloomfield S. Transcendental meditation in hypertension. Individual response patterns. Lancet 1976;1:223-6.
19. Pollack A, Case D, Weber M, Laragh J. Limitations of transcendental meditation in the treatment of essential hypertension. The Lancet 1977;309:71-3.
20. Seer P, Raeburn JM. Meditation training and essential hypertension: A methodological study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1980;3:59-71.
21. Gash A, Karliner JS. No effect of transcendental meditation on left ventricular function. Annals of Internal Medicine 1978;88:215-6.
22. Delmonte MM. Physiological responses during meditation and rest. Biofeedback and self-regulation1984:181-200.
23. Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Turner JR, Davis H, Strong WB. Acute effects of transcendental meditation on hemodynamic functioning in middle-aged adults. Psychosomatic Medicine 1999;61:525-31.
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Published
2019-06-19
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Schneider JK, Reangsing C. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Review. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2019 Jun. 19 [cited 2024 Apr. 26];23(3):195-200. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/195806
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