Science & Technology Asia
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia
<p class="Default">Science & Technology Asia (formerly the International Journal of Science and Technology Thammasat), first published in 1996, is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal containing original research articles, review articles and short communications in areas related to science and technology. Science & Technology Asia is a forum through which scientists and experts in the fields of science and technology share and discuss their quality research. Original research articles, as well as review articles and brief papers in multidisciplinary scientific and technological fields are included in the journal.</p> <p class="Default">The journal welcomes contributions in the following areas:</p> <p class="Default"><img title="\begin{array}{ll} \text{1.} & \textbf{Physical sciences:} \\ & \text{Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Statistics.} \\ \text{2.} & \textbf{Engineering:} \\ & \text{Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering,} \\ & \text{Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering and information technology.} \\ \text{3.} & \textbf{Biological sciences:} \\ & \text{Biology, Zoology, Botany, Genetics, Agriculture and Ecology.} \end{array}" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\begin{array}{ll}&space;\text{1.}&space;&&space;\textbf{Physical&space;sciences:}&space;\\&space;&&space;\text{Chemistry,&space;Physics,&space;Mathematics&space;and&space;Statistics.}&space;\\&space;\text{2.}&space;&&space;\textbf{Engineering:}&space;\\&space;&&space;\text{Electrical&space;Engineering,&space;Chemical&space;Engineering,&space;Civil&space;Engineering,}&space;\\&space;&&space;\text{Environmental&space;Engineering,&space;Computer&space;Engineering&space;and&space;information&space;technology.}&space;\\&space;\text{3.}&space;&&space;\textbf{Biological&space;sciences:}&space;\\&space;&&space;\text{Biology,&space;Zoology,&space;Botany,&space;Genetics,&space;Agriculture&space;and&space;Ecology.}&space;\end{array}"> </p> <p class="Default">The journal publishes 4 issues a year: No. 1, January-March; No. 2, April-June; No. 3, July-September; and No. 4, October-December.</p> <p class="Default">Science & Technology Asia is currently indexed in national and international online and electronic databases, including the Thai-Journal Citation Index (TCI), the ASEAN CSE Index (ACI), the Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB) and Scopus.</p> <p class="Default">This journal has adopted a double-blind reviewing policy whereby both the referees and author(s) remain anonymous throughout the process.</p> <p> </p>en-US[email protected] (Wutiphol Sintunavarat)[email protected] (Chatchada Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus))Wed, 27 Dec 2023 10:06:46 +0700OJS 3.3.0.8http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss60Investigation of Larvicidal Activity and Histopathological Variations of Brown Algae Spatoglossum asperum J. Agardh against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles stephensi
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250181
<p>The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the methanolic extract of <em>Spatoglossum asperum</em> has larvicidal properties against<em> Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus</em>, and <em>Anopheles stephensi</em>. Various doses of methanolic seaweed extract (50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm) were applied to chosen larvae in the early 4<sup>th</sup> instar. Each test was carried out in triplicate, with a control group present simultaneously. The mortality rate was observed at regular 24 hr intervals. FTIR and GC-MS studies analyzed the methanolic extract's functional groups and phytochemical compounds. The standard plate procedure was used to test the antibacterial capacity using clinically isolated pathogens; the extract effectively killed bacteria of all types, according to findings. FTIR peaks confirmed the presence of carbonyl groups, amino acids, hydroxyl groups, and alkynes. The GC-MS study of the seaweed extract found 14 major bioactive compounds, such as citronellol and diethyl phthalate, found to have insecticidal, nematocidal, antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antifungal, and hepatoprotective properties. DPPH radical scavenging and nitric oxide assays showed that the efficacy grew as the extract level was raised. Total phenol and flavonoid content of the methanol extract was estimated at 73.2±02 μg/mL and 89.1±0.03 μg/mL, respectively. Against 4<sup>th</sup> instar <em>Ae</em>. <em>aegypti</em>, <em>Cx</em>. <em>quinquefasciatus</em>, and <em>An. stephensi </em>larvae, methanolic extract of <em>S. asperum</em> showed LC<sub>50</sub> values of 2.56 mg/L, 3.32 mg/L, and 2.84 mg/L, respectively. These studies suggest methanolic extracts of S. asperum have more potential use as a larvicidal agent against vectors of <em>Aedes, Culex,</em> and <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes.</p>Baluchamy Poornasundari, Subramanian Arivoli, Dinakararajan Pradipa , Samykannu Mariaamalraj , Kumaresan Velmurugan
Copyright (c) 2023 Science & Technology Asia
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250181Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Effects of Different Growing Media under Soilless Culture on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Oil Palm Seedlings in the Pre-Nursery Stage
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249687
<p>Soilless culture is an alternative approach to oil palm cultivation which has the potential to offer significant advantages over traditional soil-based cultivation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different growing media under soilless culture on the growth and nutrient uptake of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery stage. The study consisted of eight types of growing media (topsoil-control; peat moss; cocopeat; peat moss: cocopeat (1:1); peat moss: cocopeat: perlite (1:1:1); peat moss: cocopeat: perlite (3:2:1); peat moss: perlite (3:1), and cocopeat: perlite (3:1). Results showed that oil palm seedlings grown in all substrates under soilless culture had significant growth improvement compared to those grown in soil, with increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, SPAD value, and overall biomass production. In addition, soilless culture also led to improved nutrient uptake, with elevated concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium in above-ground vegetation of up to 127%. Overall, the soilless culture formulation that provided the best plant growth and cost benefit was the cocopeat, costing RM 0.04 per oil palm seedling. The findings of this study suggest that soilless culture can be an effective method for cultivating oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery stage. The significant growth improvement and increased nutrient uptake observed in soilless culture compared to traditional soil-based cultivation can potentially lead to palm farming with higher productivity.</p>Yu Yang Chang, Mohd Firdaus Abdul Razak, Choon Cheak Sim
Copyright (c) 2023 Science & Technology Asia
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249687Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Vermicompost Contained Fungi Act as Biocontrol Agents Against Fungal Pathogens of Chili
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250340
<p>The present study aimed to isolate fungi found in vermicompost that exhibit antifungal activity against fungal pathogens of chili. The fungal pathogens were isolated from chili and their pathogenicity was tested and identified by morphology with sequence analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and Betatubulin2 (TUB2) genes. The results indicated that fungal isolate B1 was identified as <em>Colletotrichum siamense</em>, a causative agent of chili anthracnose. The total fungi in the vermicompost was 2.64 x10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g with 32 fungal colonies of different morphology being isolated. The antifungal activity was observed with fungal isolates from vermicompost. Among these fungal isolates, 13 fungal isolates (40.63%) revealed antifungal activity against <em>C. siamense</em> with the percent inhibition in the range of 46.85-72.64%. The E10, E8 and F5 isolates revealed the highest percent inhibition of 72.75±4.81%, 71.70±5.45%, and 70.65±4.80%, respectively. The identification of fungal isolates E10, E8, and F5 by morphological study and sequence analysis of ITS, RPB2 (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2), and TEF1 (Translation elongation factor 1) were examined. These isolates were identified as <em>Trichoderma breve</em> (E10) and <em>T. zerobreve</em> (E8 and F5). The findings of this study suggest that the fungal isolates from vermicompost with inhibitory activity against chili pathogen could support the use of vermicompost in chili plantations, not only for promoting plant growth but also for controlling fungal pathogens of chili anthracnose.</p>Saowapha Surawut, Chutapa Kunsook, Sutisa Chaikul, Woranat Kulchawa, Kodchakorn Phophuek, Montri Yasawong, Pornpimon Kanjanavas
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250340Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Analysis of Fragrant Characteristics in Myanmar Rice Accessions Through Biochemical and Molecular Approaches
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250051
<p>Aroma is a significant quality trait of rice, and cultivars with aroma command a premium on the marketplace. Fifteen rice cultivars were characterized for their aroma by three methods; sensory test, determination of proline content and molecular marker analysis. Sensory analysis revealed that eight rice cultivars were fragrant whereas the remaining ones were not. The proline content of rice leaves was analyzed at the flowering stage, and higher contents of proline were detected in fragrant cultivars than non-fragrant ones. A total of 35 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers distributed over the whole rice genome, including 17 markers on chromosome 8 which were closely associated to the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and/or genes for aroma, were employed to analyze genetic diversity of rice cultivars. Moreover, four functional markers were used to diagnose the aroma trait allele of the <em>badh2</em> gene. At 29 SSR loci, a total of 85 alleles were found, with the number of alleles per marker ranging from 2 to 5. Values for polymorphism information content were between 0.2 and 0.67. Eight SSR markers on chromosome 8 could discriminate the presence of the fragrant gene in 8 rice accessions, while three functional markers could confirm two mutation alleles within the <em>badh2</em> gene. Using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) approach, cluster analysis divided 15 rice accessions into two major clusters, effectively differentiating the short and medium bold cultivars from the slender cultivars. The three methods used in this study were strong enough to distinguish aromatic rice varieties.</p>San Thandar, April Nwet Yee Soe, Moe Moe Myint, Thwe Thwe Lin, Kyaw Min Thu, Tin Mar Lynn
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250051Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700A New Diagnosis of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Ischemic Stroke Patients Admitted to Stroke Unit: a Conceptual Replication Study
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/251008
<p>Ischemic stroke constitutes a significant morbidity and mortality source, with atrial fibrillation (AF) identified as a leading contributory factor. Particularly, nonvalvular AF presents diagnostic challenges due to its intermittent and often asymptomatic nature. Understanding the prevalence and detection patterns of AF associated with stroke is paramount for efficacious therapeutic interventions. In an observational study conducted at the Neurological Institute of Thailand's stroke unit, 549 acute ischemic stroke patients underwent ECG monitoring. The data revealed a 15.5% incidence of AF, bifurcated into 8.0% previously diagnosed and 7.5% newly diagnosed cases. Of the latter, 41.7% were detected through continuous ECG monitoring, with a detection time spanning from 18 minutes to 17 days during admission, emphasizing a median detection interval of approximately 2.29 days. Given the findings, we advocate for an extended continuous ECG monitoring duration of 2-3 days in specialized stroke units, aligning with previous research and augmenting precision in secondary stroke prevention modalities.</p>Tasanee Tantirittisak, Chaiyuth Kotalux, Sarunya Khumpror, Sombat Muengtaweepongsa
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/251008Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Application of Nanotechnology Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Sustainable Hydroponic Cultivation for Urban Food Security
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250787
<p>The demand for vegetables in urban areas is increasing along with the increase in population. New urban development also reduces the land available for farming, making it difficult for farmers to meet the increasing demand for vegetables in society. Efforts made to<br />meet the need for vegetables in urban areas include hydroponic cultivation which is very efficient in limited areas of land. The current study, conducted November 2022-August 2023, used multidimensional scaling (MDS). The data obtained came from the results of questionnaires and interviews with hydroponics practitioners in Padang City. The research results of the three dimensions tested are economic, social and environmental. In the economic dimension, hydroponic cultivation has an index value of 51.29. In the social dimension it has an index value of 52.37 and in the environmental dimension it has an index value of 53.68. The three dimensions tested have quite sustainable values. The hydroponic mapping results show that there are 22 hydroponic cultivators with a total accumulated production of 10,000 planting holes/month, which are then distributed to large-scale supermarkets in Padang City with various types of hydroponic vegetables.</p>Resti Fevria, Abdul Razak, Heldi, Nurhasan Syah, Eni Kamal, Edwin
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250787Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Automated Detection Algorithm for Mobile Chest Radiographs of Patients with SARSCoV- 2 Infection in a Field Hospital
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249712
<p>Due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV2 infection, many hospitals had an influx patients along with more chest radiographs requiring interpretation. The deep learning- based automatic detection ( DLAD) algorithm was applied to help physicians and radiologists in reading this overwhelming number of chest radiographs. The aim of this study was to validate the diagnostic performance in COVID- 19 pneumonia detection of the DLAD for mobile chest radiographs in patients with SARS- CoV- 2 infection. Chest radiographs of patients with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV- 2 infection were included. The diagnostic performance of DLAD in the detection of COVID- 19 pneumonia with mobile chest radiographs was evaluated in comparison to the prior interpretation by the radiologist. The sensitivity and specificity of DLAD in identification of pneumonia were 27.6% (95%CI 22.3%-33.4%) and 99.8% (95%CI 98.6%-100%) respectively. PPV and NPV were 98.7% (95%CI 92.8%-100%) and 67.4% (95%CI 63.5%-71.2%) respectively, with an AUC of 0.64 (95%CI 0.61-0.66). The duration from the onset of symptoms to the time of chest radiography was a significant predictor of pneumonia (<em>P</em>=0.013) whereas sex, age, BMI, and symptoms were not. DLAD is a tool with excellent specificity and PPV for COVID-19 pneumonia detection but has low sensitivity and AUC.</p>Warit Tarathipmon, Amolchaya Kwankua, Utairat Chaumrattanakul, Pisit Wattanaruangkowit
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249712Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Model for Predicting Dosage of Superplasticizer for Slump Recovery of Fresh Concrete
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250577
<p>This paper aimed to propose a method to estimate the amount of superplasticizer redosing for concrete slump recovery using a type-F naphthalene-based superplasticizer for solving a problem of slump loss. This was achieved by developing equations for calculating the amount of the second dose of superplasticizer needed to recover the concrete slump to its initial values. Fresh concrete properties of OPC concrete having paste volume to void volume ratios of 1.1-1.3, and water to cement ratios in the range of 0.40 to 0.67 and naphthalene-based superplasticizer dosages between 0.25% and 1.6% were tested for initial slump and slump loss at 30-minute interval until 1.5 hours. The concrete mixtures showed slump losses ranging from 10% to 90% and then were redosed to recover their slump back to their initial values. Test results showed that slower slump loss was detected for the mixture with a higher initial dosage of the superplasticizer. The necessary redose of superplasticizer was influenced mainly by water to cement ratio and concrete paste content. The mixture with a lower water to cement ratio and lower paste content needs a larger second dosage of superplasticizer for redosing.</p>Chaiyakrit Raoupatham, Ram Hari Dhakal, Chalermchai Wanichlamlert, Parnthep Julnipitawong, Somnuk Tangtermsirikul
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250577Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700A Network based Approach for Automated Identification of Calanoid Copepods using Deep Learning
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249481
<p>In recent years, deep learning techniques have played an important role in the biological field. The present study proposes a convolutional neural network approach for identification of calanoid copepods <em>Temora discaudata</em> and <em>Canthocalanus pauper. T.</em> <em>discaudata</em> and <em>C. pauper</em> classifies with the image dataset to develop for classifying the species. Nowadays, ecological science is improved by advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the classification of different species images. The digital image technique includes augmentation, pre-processing, segmentation, and classification, and is implemented based on deep learning algorithms to improve classification of species with different features with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). This study proposed pre processing with the size of 64×64 and 224×224 of the calanoid species, then augmentation followed by classification. Also, image processing is focused to implement the original image to the binary mask for yielding better accuracy. During the classification of the <em>T. discaudata</em> and <em>C. pauper</em> images, the macro average and weighted average are calculated for finding 90% and 93% accuracy, respectively of the training model. The conventional method of identification of calanoid copepods is tedious, while, the CNN can automatically predict the species features from the data set. Finally, the experiment analyzed the <em>T. discaudata</em> and <em>C. pauper</em> datasets in the technical aspect of digital image processing techniques in Artificial Intelligence.</p>Sivakumar Kandhasamy, Premalatha Kandhasamy, Barath Palanivel, Kumutha Duraisamy, Sudharsanan Radhakrishnan
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249481Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Compressive Strength and Setting Times of Slump Recovery Concrete with Fly Ash
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250597
<p>Slump loss is a major problem of fresh concrete during construction, especially in hot climates. In this study, to retemper the concrete with loss of slump, a 2<sup>nd</sup> dose of superplasticizer is added to the concrete. With the addition of the 2<sup>nd</sup> dose of superplasticizer, the problem of slump loss can be solved; however, other concrete properties can be affected. This paper investigated the times of setting and compressive strength of the slump recovery concrete by a type F naphthalene-based superplasticizer. The concrete mixtures tested in this paper were concrete containing fly ash in the range of 0%, 30%, and 50% of the total binder. The paste volume ratios of the tested concrete were 1.2 and 1.3, whereas the water to binder ratios were varied from 0.30 to 0.58, and the initial superplasticizer dosages (SP) were applied between 0.5 to 1.6%. The setting times were tested on the mixtures at the times before and after the redosing by varying the 2<sup>nd</sup> SP dosage and time for the dosing. The results indicated that both the times of the initial and final sets were delayed by the addition of the 2<sup>nd</sup> SP dose and delayed more with the increase of the 2<sup>nd</sup> dosage. The delay was more severe in fly ash concrete when compared to cement-only concrete and the larger the fly ash replacement percentage, the longer the setting times were. The setting times were prolonged to a maximum of about 4 hrs. in the case of 50% fly ash concrete with 2<sup>nd</sup> SP dosage of 1%, whereas they were 2 hrs. in the case of 30% fly ash concrete with the same 2<sup>nd</sup> SP dosage. It was found that the incorporation of fly ash yields insignificant differences between the compressive strength of fly concrete with and without SP redosing. On the other hand, the SP redosing caused slightly lower compressive strength of cement-only concrete.</p>Chaiyakrit Raoupatham, Ram Hari Dhakal, Chalermchai Wanichlamlert, Parnthep Julnipitawong, Somnuk Tangtermsirikul
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250597Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Assessment and Management of Air Pollutant Emissions from Vehicles in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250301
<p>Air pollution has emerged as a critical issue, especially in urban areas, with vehicle emissions being a major contributor to the problem. To effectively address this pressing concern, accurate estimation of current and future traffic emissions is of utmost importance. This study focuses on investigating the emission status and predicting future trends of various vehicles in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). To conduct the study, comprehensive statistical analysis was performed to assess the technical characteristics, activity patterns, and operating conditions of different vehicle types, including passenger vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty buses, heavyduty trucks, and motorcycles. The Computer Programme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport (COPERT) model was utilized to calculate the emissions of CO, NOx, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, VOCs, and CO<sub>2</sub> from these vehicle types in the BMR for the period spanning 2021 to 2050. The COPERT model employs emission factors and adjusts them based on actual operating conditions using correction coefficients. Three distinct scenarios were developed to gauge the potential outcomes. The first scenario, Business as Usual (BAU), represents the continuation of current practices. The second scenario, emission reduction standards (ERS), implements measures to reduce emissions. Finally, the third scenario combines emission reduction standards with the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (ERS and REV). The number of vehicles in each scenario was predicted using the gray model and combined with calibrated emission factors to forecast emissions under different scenarios. The results of the study demonstrate the significance of emission reduction strategies. By implementing ERS alone, the study indicates potential reductions of approximately 0.68% in CO emissions, 2.27% in NOx emissions, 6.71% in PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions, 2.36% in VOCs, and 0.04% in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 2050, compared to the BAU scenario. Even more promising results were observed with the ERS and REV scenario. In this case, the study suggests substantial decreases, including approximately 91.05% in CO emissions, 72.81% in NOx emissions, 78.74% in PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions, 88.25% in VOCs, and 79.38% in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compared to the BAU scenario. These findings highlight the potential of emission reduction strategies and the adoption of electric vehicles in significantly improving air quality and reducing pollution levels in the BMR. As such, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, offering guidance to develop effective measures for sustainable transportation and environmental protection in the region.</p>Manwipa Kuson, Jukkrit Mahujchariyawong, Tunlawit Satapanajaru, Tassanee Prueksasit
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250301Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Design and Development of Restaurant for Senior Adults with Natural Lifestyle in Thailand
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250110
<p>In recent times, senior adults have faced mobility and daily activity challenges, including dining out with their families. Many restaurant facilities are ill-equipped to accommodate their physical limitations, often prioritizing aesthetics and cost-cutting. However, a new generation of self-reliant senior adults has emerged in the 2020s, prompting a fresh approach to restaurant and facility design. The objective is to enhance senior adults' comfort while bridging generational gaps by providing amenities that enhance the dining experience. This approach aims to create a platform supporting senior adults' well- being and an active social life outside their homes. Guidelines for facility and service design have been formulated using Product Design and Development (PDD), playing a pivotal role in shaping restaurant layouts. This encompasses menu design, table setup, lighting, and safety measures. The proposed approach incorporates ergonomic design principles to ensure cutlery is user- friendly for senior adults while catering to all customers' needs for an inclusive dining experience. The originality lies in crafting a comprehensive guideline for restaurant owners, combining insights from questionnaires and industry standards. This innovative approach ensures alignment with customer preferences and industry best practices, encompassing various aspects such as seating, spacing, lighting, acoustics, and accessibility. It provides practical tools for optimizing restaurant platforms and layouts, enhancing the dining experience. An ideal restaurant experience combines modern and traditional elements, including sleek design, diverse menus, advanced technology integration, and sustainability practices. The goal is to create an appealing atmosphere for all generations, ensuring a memorable and enjoyable dining experience.</p>Suchada Rianmora, Laddanon Sukjitsakunchai, Tonnam Tachawatanawisal, Nutthamon Samorhom
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250110Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Photocatalytic Activity of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using Coffee Flower Extract
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249605
<p>In this work, silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs) were synthesized via green synthesis using coffee flower (CF) extract as a source of reducing and stabilizing agents. The concentrations of HAuCl<sub>4</sub> and AgNO<sub>3</sub> were varied to be 2.5, 3, and 3.5 mM and 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mM, respectively, and five dilution ratios of CF extract to water were used. CF extract was analyzed for total phenolic content and reducing power. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscope and were used as photocatalysts in colloidal form. The results showed that total phenolic content and reducing power of the extract were equivalent to 387.23 and 377.25 mg gallic acid/L. The optimum concentration of AgNO<sub>3</sub> was 3 mM and that of HAuCl<sub>4</sub>•3H<sub>2</sub>0 was 2 mM, and the ratio of CF extract to water was 20:80. The average diameters of AgNPs and AuNPs were 35.21 and 12.18 nm, corresponding to absorbance peaks at 449 and 532 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of uncoated, PEG6000 coated and alginate-coated AgNPs and AuNPs were investigated by decomposing 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) in 4 mL under UV light (250 nm, 6W). The degradation percentage after 120 min reached maximum levels of 39.6% and 35.47% by using non-coated AgNPs and alginate-coated AuNPs at loading of 0.16 mg. It was found that 0.04 mg of reused AgNPs and 0.11 mg of reused AuNPs was able to remove MB up to 11.54% and 22.90%, respectively.</p>Wachiraporn Pechprakob, Varatsanan Prasopsuk, Panu Danwanichakul
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249605Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Environmental Impact Assessment of LED Lamp Types for Industrial Lighting Purpose
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250303
<p>Thailand aims to cut final energy consumption to 30% of the 2010 level by 2037 via the National Energy Efficiency Plan (2018 - 2037). The plan focuses on promoting LED lighting and enhancing energy efficiency in the industrial sector. Thai authorities are working on longterm strategies for effective energy and environmental management. It’s important to avoid using residential LED lamps in industrial facilities to prevent energy wastage and environmental degradation. This study used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of using the wrong LED lamp type in industrial lighting. It also examined how Thailand's current (2023), and future (2036) electricity mix affects environmental impact. The findings revealed that using residential LED lamps for industrial purposes results in a 25% higher environmental impact during the usage phase. The higher environmental impact during the usage phase is mainly caused by the lower efficiency of residential LED lamps. The sensitivity analysis found that the 2023 electricity mix has a more significant impact on 10 midpoint impact categories than the 2036 mix. Notably, ionizing radiation and water consumption were significantly affected by the 2036 electricity mix. However, at the endpoint level, the 2036 electricity mix had lower environmental impacts compared to the 2023 mix. Choosing the right LED lamp for industrial lighting is crucial to reduce energy waste and limit environmental harm. Furthermore, when planning for future clean energy generation, it's important to factor in the impact of the electricity mix.</p>Lakshani Gunawardhana, Nalan Karunanayake, Chamali Amarasiri
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250303Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Covid-19 Antigen Test Kit Distribution System Based-on Blockchain Technology
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250509
<p>Transparency is the primary component of developing trust to ensure the integrity of the supply chain. Each business must provide information and contribute to its supply chain. One of the many products that have been brought out during the pandemic is COVID-19 ATK (Antigen Test Kits) which must be used almost constantly in many situations. In recent years a technology known as blockchain attracted the attention of many individuals. Blockchain is an advanced database mechanism that allocates data within a decentralized system. This paper explores the efficiency of blockchain technology in enhancing supply chain transparency to ensure the quantity of COVID-19 ATK and to simplify the supply chain management experience by using Web 3.0. The proposed system uses smart contracts to record the transaction since the product has been manufactured and transferred across the supply chain network. The customer can ensure the integrity of the product by entering the product’s details, lot id, and expiration date, into the blockchain system to query the supply chain history. The system can detect many abnormalities, such as counterfeit, modified, and smuggled products.</p>Raned Chuphueak, Weeraphat Leelawittayanon, Supakit Prueksaaroon
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250509Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Sustainable Biocompatible Materials for 3D Printed Fracture Casts: A Comparative FEA Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Environmental Impact
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250598
<p>This research explores the environmental and medical significance of employing diverse biocompatible materials in the development of fracture casts, offering sustainable alternatives to conventional materials. Traditional casts contribute to environmental challenges as non-recyclable medical waste. In contrast, casts made from biomaterials not only address this issue but also ensure non-toxic and safe compatibility with human tissues. The study utilizes 3D printing technology for efficient manufacturing, contributing to both innovation in medical technology and reduced environmental impact. Through a comparative evaluation of three distinct biomaterials, the research provides insights into their mechanical properties. The virtual design and analysis employed showcase a systematic approach, enhancing the credibility of the study. By looking at how traditional casts affect the environment, making sure they are compatible with human tissues, encouraging innovation in manufacturing, and doing a full analysis of the materials, this research has the potential to lead to more sustainable and patient-friendly ways to treat fractures.</p>Akash Deshpande, Gajanan Thokal, Ashwini Thokal, Suyash Pawar, Kailas Chandratre
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250598Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Fabrication of an Automatic Analyzer Based on an Integrated Gas Diffusion System and Optical Sensor for the Determination of Sulfite in Beverages and Dried Fruits
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249900
<p>Sulfite compounds are frequently utilized as antibacterial agents in the production of foods and beverages; however, they have the potential to cause allergic reactions in some individuals. In this work, a miniaturized automatic analyzer based on the integration of a microflow gas diffusion unit (GDU) with an optical sensor was developed. The GDU was microfabricated from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In the donor stream of GDU, sulfite was reacted with HCl to produce sulfur dioxide gas (SO<sub>2</sub>), which was then diffused through a PTFE hydrophobic membrane into a receiver segment holding Fe(III) and the colorimetric agent (1,10-phenanthroline). The released SO<sub>2</sub> gas reduced Fe(III) to Fe(II) and the resulting Fe(II)-phenanthroline complex was optically detected by a laboratory-made optical sensor. The automated system permitted the evaluation of sulfite amount in mg L<sup>-1</sup> (SO<sub>2</sub>). The nonlinear calibration graph was obtained in the range of 1.0-35.0 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup><span style="font-size: 0.875rem;"> = 0.9991) with the </span><span style="font-size: 0.875rem;">limit of detection (3</span><img style="font-size: 0.875rem;" title="\sigma" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?\sigma" /><span style="font-size: 0.875rem;">) down to 0.3 mg L</span><sup>-1</sup><span style="font-size: 0.875rem;">. The developed system offers greater levels of </span><span style="font-size: 0.875rem;">automation and user-friendliness and demonstrates adequate applicability for the </span><span style="font-size: 0.875rem;">determination of sulfite in fruit and beverage drinks samples from a local market of Thailand.</span></p>Chutikarn Khamkhajorn, Jakkrapong Suwanboriboon, Wanchai Meesiri, Awadh AlSuhaimi, Supada Khonyoung, Napaporn Youngvises
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249900Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700 Heat Transfer Analysis in an Unsteady MHD Flow over a Stretchable Permeable Surface under Ohmic Heating and Viscous Dissipation
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250321
<p>This work aims to study the two-dimensional unsteady problem of an incompressible, electrically conductive, viscous fluid over a stretchable and permeable surface. The effects of unsteadiness in the flow and temperature fields in the presence of Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and heat source have been analyzed. Similar transformations transform the boundary layer equations of momentum and heat transfer into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A set of ordinary differential equations is solved using a numerical technique. The effects of various relevant flow parameters on the flow and heat transfer properties are displayed in several graphs and tables. Comparisons with previous studies have been made, and conformity is noticed. Applications of such models have been noted in various engineering and industrial schemes.</p>Bhaskarjyoti Deka, Rita Choudhury
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250321Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Marginal Regression Models for Mixed Bivariate Responses
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249413
<p>A new framework for marginal regression model with bivariate responses from different distributions was proposed in this study. It adopts a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) approach of model estimation. A framework for mixture of response variables from different distributions was proposed for “Normal and Poisson”, “Normal and Bernoulli”, and “Poisson and Bernoulli”. Application on the proposal framework was examined in measuring the effect of certain hospital inputs on hospital performance in three selected tertiary health institutions.</p>Chijioke Joel Nweke, Kelechi Charity Ojide, George Chinanu Mbaeyi, Fidelis Ifeanyi Ugwuowo
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249413Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700A Dynamical and Sensitivity Analysis of the Caputo Fractional-Order Ebola Virus Model: Implications for Control Measures
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249596
<p>The recurrence of outbreaks in cases of Ebola virus among African countries remains one of the greatest issues of concern. Practices such as hunting or consumption of contaminated bush meat, unsafe funeral practices, and environmental contamination have all been implicated as possible contributors. This paper investigates the transmission dynamics of the Ebola virus model in the setting of a Caputo fractional-order derivative that accounts for both direct and indirect transmissions of the virus. By employing the concept of fixed theorems, we derived the existence and uniqueness results of the model. Moreover, we analyzed the forward normalized sensitivity indices to identify the critical parameters for controlling the infection and found that reducing the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible vectors is vital to limiting the virus’s spread. Comparing the proposed fractional-order model with those of the previously developed integer-order model numerically, we found that the proposed model provides more reliable information on the model’s dynamics. Thus, we conclude that the Caputo fractional-order operator is a precise tool for describing the proposed model behavior and can help understand the complexities of Ebola virus disease outbreaks.</p>Idris Ahmed, Abdullahi Yusuf, Jessada Tariboon, Mubarak Muhammad, Fahd Jarad, Badamasi Bashir Mikailu
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249596Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Incorporating Decomposition and the Holt-Winters Method into the Whale Optimization Algorithm for Forecasting Monthly Government Revenue in Thailand
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250335
<p>This study focuses on the forecasting of government revenue in Thailand across four primary sectors: the Revenue Department, Excise Department, Customs Department, and Other Agencies. Acknowledging the critical role of precise and efficient forecasting in policymaking, we proposed two models: the Whale Optimization Algorithm with Holt-Winters (WOA-HW) and the Whale Optimization Algorithm with Decomposition (WOA-D), comparing their performance with two classical models: Classical Decomposition (Classic-D) and Box-Jenkins. The model performances were evaluated using both a training dataset and a test dataset, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) serving as key metrics. The results demonstrate that the WOA-D model generally outperformed the other models during the training phase, showcasing its significant potential in time series forecasting. During the testing phase, the WOA-HW model exhibited commendable performance across three datasets: the Revenue Department, Excise Department, and Other Agencies. For the Customs Department dataset, the Box-Jenkins model emerged as the top performer, employing a <img title="SARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1)" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?SARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1)" /><sub>12 </sub>model. This study concludes by emphasizing the effectiveness of these models not only for forecasting government revenue but also for broader applicability in forecasting other time series data.</p>Watha Minsan, Pradthana Minsan
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250335Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Comparison of the Effectiveness of Regression Models for the Number of Road Accident Injuries
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249723
<p>This article aimed to compare the effectiveness of regression models using data on the number of road traffic injuries from the Injury Surveillance System of the Thai Department of Disease Control between 2018 and 2022. The regression models used in this study for the count data include the Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated negative binomial, and Conway-Maxwell Poisson models. These were compared to find a suitable regression model to predict the number of road traffic injuries. The results show that the negative binomial regression model provides an appropriate regression equation for predicting the number of road traffic injuries because it gives the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC). Moreover, this model can still be used as a preliminary tool for predicting the number of road accident injuries since it does not rely on many independent variables.</p>Wikanda Phaphan, Nutnaree Sangnuch, Janjira Piladaeng
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/249723Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of HPV Infection of Epithelial Cells and Cervical Cancer
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250635
<p>In this paper, a within-host model of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer is proposed. The model consists of seven compartments including susceptible, exposed, infected, early-stage cervical cancer cells, end-stage cervical cancer cells, HPV, and recovered cervical cells. The existence, positivity and boundary of solutions are proved and the basic reproduction number is calculated. We obtain that when the basic reproduction number is less than one, an infection-free equilibrium point is both locally and globally stable, whereas when it is greater than one an infected steady state exists and is globally stable. Further, the optimal control problem is applied in this study by using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle with three control variables which are preventive vaccine, treatment effort for infected cervical cells and treatment effort for early-stage cervical cancer cells. Numerical simulations of optimal control model demonstrate that each individual control could reduce an HPV infection and cervical cancer to some certain extent, however, a combination of all three controls gives the best scenario in controlling HPV infection and cervical cancer.</p>Ratchada Viriyapong, Naratip Junphom
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250635Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Ternary Semigroups Characterized by Spherical Fuzzy Bi-ideals
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250002
<p>The concept of spherical fuzzy sets, was introduced by Ashraf et al. in 2019, and is a generalization of the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of spherical fuzzy quasi-ideals and spherical fuzzy bi-ideals of ternary semigroups and investigate some of their properties. Then, we characterize regular ternary semigroups in terms of spherical fuzzy left (resp., lateral, right) ideals, spherical fuzzy quasi-ideals and spherical fuzzy bi-ideals of ternary semigroups. Moreover, some characterizations of weakly regular ternary semigroups by the concepts of many types of spherical fuzzy ideals in ternary semigroups are discussed.</p>Warud Nakkhasen, Ronnason Chinram
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250002Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700Explosive Behavior Detection of PM2.5 During Wildfire Period Based on BSADF Test
https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250080
<p>Time series is a type of data that is popular in statistical analysis. Explosive behavior, which is an immediately skyrocketing time series, is one of the important behaviors of time series that is often used in many tasks. In addition, a particular tool that has been used frequently in the last few years is the Backward Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test (BSADF Test). BSADF is developed for mainly use in the stock market, but when it is used with PM 2.5 data in which wildfires occurred, it is observed that BSADF cannot detect the explosive behavior in a short time series of the data. This problem leads to the development of a method based on BSADF to detect explosive behavior in a short period of a time series, so this new method can face various types of data. From investigating the BSADF test by using different sizes of windows in synthetic data that was generated by the ARMA process, it has been noticed that decreasing of windows will affect the BSADF test by increasing the BSADF value a little in the explosive behavior period, whereas other periods have been increased numerously. So, by using the difference in the amount of gap of the BSADF value in different sizes of windows, it led to a new test statistic. The new test statistic is outperformed compared to the BSADF test both in synthetic and real data, it could detect explosive behavior in a short period of time series when wildfire occurred and not over-detect explosive behavior in other periods.</p>Pat Vatiwutipong, Kanisorn Sawangsawai
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https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SciTechAsia/article/view/250080Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0700