Caring for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Having Dementia: A Concept of Person-Centred Care
Keywords:
person-centred care, older adults with dementia, communityAbstract
Older adults with dementia suffer from cognitive impairment and functional
dependency, and therefore need long-term care. Most older adults live in their communities;
therefore, the caring responsibility belongs to the members of their families. Caregiving
planning and preparation is an important process that requires knowledge, understanding
and flexible caregiving skills.
Person-centered care is an effcient caring method for dependent older adults
living at home. It is also an important element for the development of caregiving quality
for older adults having dementia. To help such older adults who live in their communities,
nurses play an important role by enhancing caregivers’ and family members’ caring skills.
This article explains the concept, defnition, signifcance and elements of the
person-centred care approach, and its impacts, problems and obstacles that could affect
older adults with dementia. This article also focuses on the role of nurses in applying
this concept into practice
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30. Brooker D. Woolley R. Lee D. Enriching opportunities for people living with dementia in nursing homes:
An evaluation of a multi-level activity-based model of care. Aging Mental Health. 2007; 11(4): 361-70.
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care as described by people with dementia, their family members and aged care staff. J Clin Nurses. 2010;
19 (17-18): 2611-18.
32. Brooker D. Dementia care mapping: a review of the research literature. Gerontologist. 2005; 45(1):11-18.
33. Cohen-Mansfeld J, Thein K, Marx MS, Dakheel-Ali M & Freedman L. Effcacy of non-pharmacologic intervention for agitation in advanced dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012; 73(9):1255-61.
34. Alzheimer’s Australia. Guiding person-centered dementia care in the community. [internet]. 2017 [cited
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35. World Health Organization (WHO). Towards a dementia plan: a WHO guide. Geneva; 2018. Licence: CC BYNC-SA 3.0 IGO. [cited 2019 June 12]. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/mental_health/
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36. Alzheimer’s Disease International, Alzheimer’s Australia. Dementia in the Asia Pacifc Region. London:
Alzheimer’s Disease International; 2014.
37. Sloane PD, Hoeffer B, Mitchell CM, McKenzie DA, Barrick AL & Rader J. Effect of person-centered
showering and the towel bath on bathing associated aggression, agitation, and discomfort in nursing home
residents with dementia: A randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004; 52: 1795–804.
38. Brownie S & Nan carrow S. Effects of person-centered care on residents and staff in aged-care facilities: a
systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2013; 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S38589 PMID: 23319855
39. Fossey J, Ballard C, Juszczak E, James I, Alder N & Jacoby R. Effect of enhanced psychosocial care on
antipsychotic use in nursing home residents with severe dementia: cluster randomised trial. BMJ. 2006; 332:756–61.
40. Kim SY & Park M. Effectiveness of person-centered care on people with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2017 17(12), 381-97.
41. Chenoweth L, Stein-Parbury J, Lapkin S, Wang A, Liu Z, & Williams A. Effects of person-centered care
at the organizational-level for people with dementia. A systematic review PLoS One. 2019; 22; 14(2):e0212686.
42. Edvardsson D. Notes on person-centred care: What it is and what it is not. Nordic J Nurs Res. 2015; 35, 65-66.
43. Lintern T, Woods B & Phair L. Before and after training: a case study of intervention. J of Dement Care. 2000;
8(1), 15-7.
44. Hill H. (2004). Talking the talk but not walking the walk: barriers to person centered care in dementia
[dissertation]. Melbourne (Vic): La Trobe Univ.; 2004.18
45. Moore L, Britten N, Lydahl D, Naldemirci O, Elam M,& Wolf A. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation
of person-centered care in different healthcare contexts.Scand J Caring Sci. 2017; 31: 662–673. https://
doi.org/10.1111/scs.12376 PMID: 27859459.
46. Berry L. The National Dementia Strategy: transforming care. Nurs Older People. 2009; 21(1): 3. PMID:
19248432
47. Kitwood T. Dementia reconsidered: the person comes frst. Buckingham: Open University Press; 2007.
48. Doyle PJ, Rubinstein RL. Person-centered dementia care and the cultural matrix of othering. Gerontologist. 2013; 54(6): 952–63.
49. Eriksen S, Helvik A-S, Juvet LK, Skovdahl K, Forsund LH & Grov EK. The experience of relations
in persons with dementia: a systematic meta-synthesis. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2016; 42: 342–68.
50. Strategy and Planning Division, Ministry of Public Health. (2558). Strategies, indicators and guidling
for data collection, fscal year B.E. 2559. Bangkok: Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
51. Chianwichai K. Role of nurse care manager in long term care for older persons in community. [Master
thesis] Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.; 2017.(in Thai)
14(3):367-429.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-
2025. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC By-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. [cited 2019 June 18].
Available from: URL:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259615/9789241513487-eng.pdf;jsessionid=1464D2203FDF2059DB750D7A754253FF?sequence=1
3. Pramote Prasartkul (Editor). Situation of the Thai elderly 2017. Bangkok: Deuan Tula Printing House; 2018. (in Thai).
4. Kunkantrakorn K. Dementia and Alzheimer disease. Thammasart Medical Journal 2018; 18(3): 442-468.
5. Muangpaisan W. Dementia: prevention, assessment and care. In Muangpaisan W, editor. Diagnosis of dementia. Bankok: Pappim Press; 2013. (in Thai).
6. Prince M, Wimo A, Guerchet M, Ali G, Wu Y & Prina M. World Alzheimer Report 2015: The global impact of dementia: an analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends. London: Alzheimer’s Diseases International; 2016.16
7. Bureau of Information. News for social. [Internet]. 2017. [cited 2019 June 13]. Available from: URL:
http://pr.moph.go.th/iprg/include/admin_hotnew/show_hotnew.php?idHot_new=86580)
8. Thai Alzheimer Association. Diagnosis of dementia.In: Tantirittisak T., editor. Clinical practice guidelines:
dementia. Bangkok: Tanapress; 2014. (in Thai)
9. Steele CD. Nurse to nurse: dementia care. USA:McGraw-Hill Co; 2010.
10. Sasat S. Gerontological nursing: common problems and caring guideline. 3rd ed. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn
University Publisher; 2011. (in Thai)
11. Chansirikarn S. Handbook of extending the brain age. Bangkok: Pimdee Publisher; 2009. (in Thai)
12. Offce of the Permanent Secretary, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health Practice guildline of fnancial allocation for long term care services [internet]. 2561 [cited 2019 June 13]. Available from: URL: https://apps.hpc.go.th/dl/web/index.php?r=download%2Fview&id=178
13. Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health,Ministry of Public Health. The report on Thai elderly
health survey B.E. 2556. Bangkok: Watcharin P.P.;2013 (in Thai)
14. Nolan, M., Davie, S., & Brown, J. (2004). Beyond person-centered care: a new vision for Gerontological
nursing, J Clin Nurs, 13(3), 45-53.
15. McCormack, B (2010). Person-centred nursing: theory and practice. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.,
Publication.
16. Kogan C. A., Wilber K. & Mosqueda L. (2015). Person-centered care for older adults with chronic
conditions and functional impairment: a systematic literature review, JAGS, 64(1):e1-7. doi:10.1111/jgs.13873.
17. Rogers CR. On Becoming a person. Boston:Houghton Mifflin; 1961.
18. Kitwood T. The technical, the personal, and the framing of dementia. Soc Beh. 1988; 3:161-79.
19. Kitwood T. Dementia reconsidered: the person comes frst. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
20. Brooker D. What is person-centered care in dementia. Rev Clin Gerontol 2004; 13: 215-22.
21. Dewing J. Personhood and dementia: revisiting Tom Kitwood’s ideas. Int J of Older People Nurs. 2008;3 (1): 3-13.
22. Steenbergen E, van der Steen R, Smith S, Bright C & Kaaijk M (2013) Perspectives of person-centred
care. Nurs Stand. 2013; 27(48), 35-41.
23. Perez-Merino R. Strategies for enhancing the delivery of person-centred care. Nurs Stand. 2014; 28 (39):37-41.
24. Morton I. Person-centered approaches to dementia
care. Bicester: Winslow; 1999.
25. Cook EM, Manthorpe J. Introduction: Personalising psychosocial interventions to individual needs and
context. In: Cook EM, Manthorpe J, editors. Early psychosocial interventions in dementia. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Pub; 2009. p. 11–36.
26. Edvardsson D, Winblad B, & Sandman PO. Person-centred care of people with severe Alzheimer’s disease: current status and ways forward. The Lancet Neurol. 2008; 7:362-7.
27. Cobban N. Improving domiciliary care for people with dementia and their carers: The raising the
standard project. In: Innes A, Archibald C, Murphy C,editors. Dementia and Social Inclusion: Marginalised Groups and Marginalised Areas of Dementia Research, Care and Practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2004.
28. Brooker D. Person-centred dementia care: Making sevices better. London: Jessica Kingsley Pub; 2007.
29. Love K & Pinkowitz J. Person-centered care for people with dementia: a theoretical and conceptual
framework. Generations. 2013; 37(3): 23-9
30. Brooker D. Woolley R. Lee D. Enriching opportunities for people living with dementia in nursing homes:
An evaluation of a multi-level activity-based model of care. Aging Mental Health. 2007; 11(4): 361-70.
31. Edvardsson D Fetherstonhaugh D & Nay R. Promoting a continuation of self and normality: person-centered
care as described by people with dementia, their family members and aged care staff. J Clin Nurses. 2010;
19 (17-18): 2611-18.
32. Brooker D. Dementia care mapping: a review of the research literature. Gerontologist. 2005; 45(1):11-18.
33. Cohen-Mansfeld J, Thein K, Marx MS, Dakheel-Ali M & Freedman L. Effcacy of non-pharmacologic intervention for agitation in advanced dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012; 73(9):1255-61.
34. Alzheimer’s Australia. Guiding person-centered dementia care in the community. [internet]. 2017 [cited
2019 June 10]. Avialble from URL: https://valuingpeople.org.au/sites/default/fles/ValuingPeople%20 Section%201_7.pdf;
35. World Health Organization (WHO). Towards a dementia plan: a WHO guide. Geneva; 2018. Licence: CC BYNC-SA 3.0 IGO. [cited 2019 June 12]. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/mental_health/
neurology/dementia/policy_guidance/en/
36. Alzheimer’s Disease International, Alzheimer’s Australia. Dementia in the Asia Pacifc Region. London:
Alzheimer’s Disease International; 2014.
37. Sloane PD, Hoeffer B, Mitchell CM, McKenzie DA, Barrick AL & Rader J. Effect of person-centered
showering and the towel bath on bathing associated aggression, agitation, and discomfort in nursing home
residents with dementia: A randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004; 52: 1795–804.
38. Brownie S & Nan carrow S. Effects of person-centered care on residents and staff in aged-care facilities: a
systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2013; 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S38589 PMID: 23319855
39. Fossey J, Ballard C, Juszczak E, James I, Alder N & Jacoby R. Effect of enhanced psychosocial care on
antipsychotic use in nursing home residents with severe dementia: cluster randomised trial. BMJ. 2006; 332:756–61.
40. Kim SY & Park M. Effectiveness of person-centered care on people with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2017 17(12), 381-97.
41. Chenoweth L, Stein-Parbury J, Lapkin S, Wang A, Liu Z, & Williams A. Effects of person-centered care
at the organizational-level for people with dementia. A systematic review PLoS One. 2019; 22; 14(2):e0212686.
42. Edvardsson D. Notes on person-centred care: What it is and what it is not. Nordic J Nurs Res. 2015; 35, 65-66.
43. Lintern T, Woods B & Phair L. Before and after training: a case study of intervention. J of Dement Care. 2000;
8(1), 15-7.
44. Hill H. (2004). Talking the talk but not walking the walk: barriers to person centered care in dementia
[dissertation]. Melbourne (Vic): La Trobe Univ.; 2004.18
45. Moore L, Britten N, Lydahl D, Naldemirci O, Elam M,& Wolf A. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation
of person-centered care in different healthcare contexts.Scand J Caring Sci. 2017; 31: 662–673. https://
doi.org/10.1111/scs.12376 PMID: 27859459.
46. Berry L. The National Dementia Strategy: transforming care. Nurs Older People. 2009; 21(1): 3. PMID:
19248432
47. Kitwood T. Dementia reconsidered: the person comes frst. Buckingham: Open University Press; 2007.
48. Doyle PJ, Rubinstein RL. Person-centered dementia care and the cultural matrix of othering. Gerontologist. 2013; 54(6): 952–63.
49. Eriksen S, Helvik A-S, Juvet LK, Skovdahl K, Forsund LH & Grov EK. The experience of relations
in persons with dementia: a systematic meta-synthesis. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2016; 42: 342–68.
50. Strategy and Planning Division, Ministry of Public Health. (2558). Strategies, indicators and guidling
for data collection, fscal year B.E. 2559. Bangkok: Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
51. Chianwichai K. Role of nurse care manager in long term care for older persons in community. [Master
thesis] Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.; 2017.(in Thai)
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Published
2019-10-01
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คมจักรพันธุ์ พ. Caring for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Having Dementia: A Concept of Person-Centred Care. J Thai Nurse midwife Counc [Internet]. 2019 Oct. 1 [cited 2024 Apr. 20];34(4):5-18. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TJONC/article/view/195215
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