Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Siraitia grosvenorii Fruits Extracts
Keywords:
ABTS, DPPH, Flavonoids, Phenolic compound, Siraitia grosvenoriiAbstract
The fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo hanguo) is commonly used as a beverage material and traditional medicine. S. grosvenorii has been used in China as a folk remedy for the treatment of common cold, pharyngitis, and pulmonary congestion. Previous studies showed that S. grosvenorii extracts possess properties of anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation and immunoregulating effects, but the possibility of S. grosvenorii for using as cosmetic ingredient has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to find a suitable solvent to produce S. grosvenorii extract with contained antioxidant property. S. grosvenorii fruit was extracted by macerating in solvents including distilled water, propylene glycol, 95% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. The extracts were evaluated for their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and physical color properties. The results showed that 95% ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (2.387 ± 0.063 mg GAE/mg solid crude) compared to other solvents. However, distilled water extract showed the greatest amount of total flavonoid content (25.229 ± 0.904 µg QE/mg solid crude) and the highest value of antioxidant activities determined by DPPH assay (47.396 ± 1.946 µg TEAC/mg solid crude) and ABTS assay (53.997 ± 0.155 µg AEAC/mg solid crude). These results indicated that the antioxidant activity of S. grosvenorii extracts might be attributed to the presence of flavonoid compounds. It can be concluded that distilled water extract of S. grosvenorii might be suitable to apply as an antioxidant ingredient for further applications.
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Alothman, M., Rajeev, B. and Karim, A.A. 2009. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected topical fruits from Malaysia, extracted with different solvents. Food Chemistry. 115: 785–788.
Byun, M.W., Jo, C., Lee, J.W., Jo, S.K. and Kin, K.S. 2004. Application of radiation technology to develop green tea leaf as a natural resource for the cosmetic industry. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 71: 485–487.
Ji, L. 2016. Effects of different drying and processing methods on vitamin C, color, phenolics, antioxidant activity, and mogroside v of luo han guo (Siraitia grosvenorii) drink. (thesis, The State University of New Jersey).
Kamtekar, S., Keer, V. and Patil, V. 2014. Estimation of phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activity of marketed polyherbal formulation. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 4: 61–65.
Kanlayavattanakul, M., Ospondpant, D., Ruktanonchai, U. and Lourith, N. 2012. Biological activity assessment and phenolic compounds characterization from the fruit pericarp of Litchi chinensis for cosmetic applications. Pharmaceutical Biology. 50: 1384–1390.
Lephart, E.D. 2016. Skin aging and oxidative stress: Equol’s anti-aging effects via biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Ageing Research Reviews. 31: 36–54.
Li, D.P., Ikeda, T., Matsuoka, N., Nohara, T., Zhang, H.R., Sakamoto, T. and Nonaka, G.I. 2006. Cucurbitane glycoside from unripe fruits of Lo Han Kuo (Siraitia grosvenorii). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 54: 1425–1428.
Li, C., Lin, L.M., Sui, F., Wang, Z.M., Huo, H.R., Dai, L. and Jiang, T.L. 2014. Chemistry and pharmacology of Siraitia grosvenorii: A review. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines. 12: 89–102.
Li, D.P. and Zhang, H.R. 2000. Studies and used of Chinese medicine Luohanguo-a special local product of Guangxi. Guihaia. 20: 270–276.
Lin, G.P., Jiang, T., Hu, X.B., Qiao, X.H. and Tuo, Q.H. 2007. Effect of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide on glucose and lipid of diabetic rabbits induced by feeding high fat/high sucrose chow. Experimental Diabetes Research. 2007: 1–4.
Liu, D.D., Ji, X.W. and Li, R.W. 2013. Effects of Siraitia grosvenorii fruits extracts on physical fatigue in mice. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 12: 115–121.
Marinova, E.M. and Yanishlieva, N.V.I. 1997. Antioxidative activity of extracts from selected species of the family Lamiaceae in sunflower oil. Food Chemistry. 58: 245–248.
Plainfossé, H., Burger, P., Azouly, S., Landreau, A., Verger-Dubois, G. and Fernandez, X. 2018. Development of a natural anti-aging ingredient based on Quercus pubescens Willd. leaves extract- A case study. Cosmetics. 15: 1–21.
Prakash, I. and Chaturvedula, V.S.P. 2014. Additional new minor cucurbitane glycosides from Siraitia grosvenorii. Molecules. 19: 3669–3680.
Qing, Z.X., Zhao, H., Tang, Q., Mo, C.M., Huang, P., Cheng P., Yang, P., Yang, X.Y., Liu, X.B., Zheng, Y.J. and Zheng, J.G. 2017. Systematic identification of flavonols, flavonol glycosides, triterpeneand siraitic acid glycosides from Siraitia grosvenorii using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with a screening strategy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 138: 240–248.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M. and Rice-Evans, C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 26: 1231–1237.
Robertson, F.M. and Fitzgerald, L. 2017. Skin cancer in youth population of the United Kingdom. Journal of Cancer Policy. 12: 67–71.
Soobrattee, M., Neergheen, V., Luximon-Ramma, A., Aruoma, O. and Bahorun, T. 2005. Phenolics as potential antioxidant therapeutic agents: Mechanism and actions. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 579: 200–213.
Tomsone, L., Kruma, Z. and Galoburda, R. 2012. Comparison of different solvents and extraction methods for isolation of phenolic compounds from Horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana). International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering. 6: 236–241.
Wang, L., Yang, Z.M., Lu, F.L., Liu, J.L., Song, Y.F. and Li, D.P. 2014. Cucurbitane glycosides derived from mogroside IIE: structure-taste relationship, antioxidant activity, and acute toxicity. Molecules. 19: 12676–12689.
Wang, K.J., Yang, C.R. and Zhang, Y.J. 2007. Phenolic antioxidants from Chinese toon (fresh young leaves and shoots of Toona sinensis). Food Chemistry. 101: 365–371.
Watson, M., Holman, D.M. and Maguire-Eisen, M. 2016. Ultraviolet radiation exposure and its impact on skin cancer risk. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 32: 241–254.
Xia, M., Han, X., He, H., Yu, R., Zhen, G., Jia, X., Cheng, B. and Deng, X.W. 2018. Improved de novo genome assembly and analysis of the Chinese cucurbit Siraitia grosvenorii, also known as monk fruit or luo-han-guo. GigaScience. 7: 1–9.
Xu, D.P., Zheng, J., Zhou, Y., Li, Y., Li, S. and Li, H.B. 2017. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from the flower of Limonium sinuatum: Optimization and comparison with conventional methods. Food Chemistry. 217: 552–559.
Yasui, H. and Sakurai, H. 2003. Age-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species in the skin of live hairless rats exposed to UVA light. Experimental Dermatology. 12: 655–661.
Young, I.S. and Woodside, J.V. 2001. Antioxidants in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 54: 176–186.
Zhang, L., Hu, T.J. and Lu, C.N. 2011. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide in mice. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10: 10045–10053.
Zhang, H. and Li, X.H. 2011. Research progress on chemical compositions of Fructus Momordicae. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences. 39: 4555–4556.
Zhang, L.Q., Qi, X.Y., Chen, W.J. and Song, Y.K. 2006. Study on in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts from Siraitia grosvenori fruits. Food Chemistry. 27: 213–216.
Zhang, H.Y., Yang, H.H., Zhang, M., Wang, Y.R., Wang, J.G., Yau, L.F., Jiang, Z.H. and Hu, P. 2012. Identification of flavonol and triterpene glycosides in Luo-Han-Guo extract using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 25: 142–148.
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Published
2019-03-08
How to Cite
Wuttisin, Narunan, and Warakarn Boonsook. 2019. “Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Siraitia Grosvenorii Fruits Extracts”. Food and Applied Bioscience Journal 7 (3):131-41. https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/fabjournal/article/view/176792.
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Food Chemistry, Nutrition, and Analysis
