KKU Research Journal (Graduate Studies)

Editorial Note

2024-04-13T22:26:16+07:00

วารสารวิจัย มข. (ฉบับบัณฑิตศึกษา) สาขาวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี ฉบับนี้เป็นฉบับแรกของปีที่ 24 ฉบับที่ 1 มกราคม-มีนาคม 2567 ยังคงมุ่งมั่นพัฒนาคุณภาพทางวิชาการอย่างต่อเนื่อง เพื่อเป็นแหล่งตีพิมพ์บทความวิจัยและเผยแพร่ผลงานวิจัยของนักวิจัย ทั้งภายในและภายนอกที่ได้มาตรฐาน บทความทุกเรื่องต้องได้รับการประเมินโดยผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิทั้งภายใน และภายนอกมหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น (Peer Review) ก่อนการตีพิมพ์อย่างน้อย 3 ท่าน พิจารณาจะไม่ทราบชื่อผู้แต่งและผู้แต่งจะไม่ทราบชื่อผู้พิจารณา (Double-Blind Peer Review) และได้รับการกลั่นกรองคุณภาพจากกองบรรณาธิการอย่างเข้มข้น

ฉบับนี้ได้รวบรวมบทความที่น่าสนใจอีกเช่นเคย จำนวนทั้งสิ้น 15 บทความ อาทิเช่น เรื่อง วัฏจักรการขับขี่บนถนนจริงของรถจักรยานยนต์ไฟฟ้าและน้ำมันบนโครงข่ายถนนในเมืองที่การจราจรไม่ติดขัด เรื่อง Design and Evaluation of Low-Cost Load Monitoring and Control Modular Board using MQTT Protocol เรื่อง ผลลัพธ์ทางคลินิกของการจัดตั้งคลินิกชะลอโรคไตเรื้อรัง โรงพยาบาลคง จังหวัดนครราชสีมา เรื่อง Effect of Cell Concentrations and Culture Media on Hamster Splenocyte Viability During in vitro Cultivation เรื่อง การเปลี่ยนรูปของปุ๋ยยูเรียในดินเหนียวด้วยสารยับยั้งสังเคราะห์และสารธรรมชาติ ภายใต้การบ่มดินระดับห้องปฏิบัติการ และเรื่อง ผลของโปรแกรมการสนับสนุนทางสังคมและความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพต่อพลังสุขภาพจิตของผู้สูงอายุภายใต้สถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของ โควิด-19 ในชุมชนแห่งหนึ่ง จังหวัดขอนแก่น

ในโอกาสนี้กองบรรณาธิการวารสารวิจัย มข. (ฉบับบัณฑิตศึกษา) ยังเปิดรับบทความจากนักวิจัย และบุคคลทั่วไป ที่มีความสนใจในการเผยแพร่ผลงานวิจัยในลักษณะบทความวิชาการ บทความวิจัยสื่อสารอย่างสั้น และบทความปริทัศน์ ในสาขาวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี วิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ และวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ และขออนุญาตเชิญชวนผู้สนใจสามารถศึกษารายละเอียดเพิ่มเติมและสมัครตีพิมพ์บทความวิจัยผ่านระบบออนไลน์ของวารสารเท่านั้น จาก https://journal.gs.kku.ac.th/gs และ https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/gskku/user/register วารสารวิจัย มข. (ฉบับบัณฑิตศึกษา)

Factors Influencing the Intention to Drink and Drive: A Case Study of Engineering Students, Khon Kaen University

2023-03-27T10:58:32+07:00

The drunk driving results in losses for themselves and others. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing engineering students' intent to drink and drive and compare the developed model of first-year students to that of upper-year students. The study administered a questionnaire based on the theory of Planned behavior (TPB) to 558 students. The research employed descriptive statistics and a structural equation model (SEM) to explain the factors that influence drunk driving intentions. Multi-group analysis was used to assess the invariance of the measurement. This study found that factors influencing intention to drink-driving were perceived behavioral control and injunctive norms. This influence remained unchanged regardless of the year under consideration. However, the levels and correlation values for drunk driving intention, injunctive norms, perceived behavioral control, and drunk driving behavior were higher in those upper-year students. To reduce the intent of drunk driving Attention should be given to the cognitive factors controlling behavior, and it may be necessary to study more information on the controlling factors for drunk driving behavior of students.

Lateral Resistance Enhancement of Reinforced-Concrete Columns by RC Jacketing under Cyclic Loading

2023-04-07T14:34:12+07:00

The occurrence of earthquakes in Thailand significantly impacts building structures, resulting in damage to property and loss of life. Most buildings in Thailand are not designed to withstand earthquakes, making it necessary to strengthen their structural resistance against seismic forces. This research aimed at investigating the enhancement of the lateral resistance of RC columns through full-scale experimental testing. Ordinary RC columns and enhanced RC columns with RC jacketing were tested under cyclic lateral loading with constant axial loading. The ordinary RC column had a 325 x 325 mm cross-section with 20-DB16 reinforcement bars. The cross-sectional dimensions of the strengthened column was 425 x 425 mm with 32-DB16 reinforcement bars. The results indicated that the RC columns with the RC jacketing had been able to increase lateral resistance and stiffness against earthquakes by approximately two times. However, this enhancement was not able to significantly affect the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the experimental columns.

Real-world Driving Cycles of Electric and Gasoline Motorcycles on Uncongested City Road Network

2023-04-28T11:00:46+07:00

The objectives of this study were to develop real-world driving cycles of electric and gasoline motorcycles on uncongested road network and to compare their energy consumptions and CO₂ emissions. The onboard measurement equipment, installed on test motorcycles, was developed to measure their speed, energy consumption, and position every second. This study selected the route on road network in Khon Kaen University to collect the riding data during off-peak period, and also participants, including male and female riders, to ride the test motorcycle. Results revealed that the developed real-world driving cycle of gasoline motorcycle has an average running speed, average acceleration and average deceleration higher than those of electric motorcycle. As entire driving cycle, the electric motorbike consumed energy and emitted CO₂ per kilometer and per second lower than the gasoline motorcycle. Especially during idling, the electric motorbike consumed energy per second and emitted CO₂ obviously lower than the gasoline motorcycle.

Effect of Density on The Properties of Interlocking Blocks

2022-12-13T15:49:36+07:00

This research studied effects of density of the interlocking blocks on the compressive strength and the water absorption. The cement to laterite ratio of the blocks were 1:6 and 1:8. The mixtures were pressed into different densities: 1800 1900 2000 2100 and 2200 kg/m³. The compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days of age and the water absorption at 28 days were tested. The results indicated that the compressive strength of the interlocking block improves with age. When the densities increased from 1800 to 2100 kg/m³, the compressive strength increased. But when the density increases from 2100 to 2200 kg/m³, the compressive strength decreased. The water absorption decreased with increasing the densities. When comparing between cement to laterite ratios of 1:6 and 1:8, it was found that the ratio of 1:6 had higher compressive strength than the ratio of 1:8, while the water absorption of the 1:6 ratio was lower than that of the 1:8 ratio. All ratios and all densities of the interlocking blocks had the compressive strength at 28 days and the water absorption at 28 days passed the standard of TCPS.602-2547 of load-bearing interlocking blocks.

Design and Evaluation of Low-Cost Load Monitoring and Control Modular Board using MQTT Protocol

2023-02-16T14:38:09+07:00

This paper proposes a modular and economical design and development of a circuit that could measure monitor and control electrical power consumption for homes, offices, or industrial plants. The proposed circuit was designed and developed using the Node MCU ESP8266 and Tasmota firmware with the MQTT protocol. The hardware circuit consisted of two circuits: the main circuit with a processor and a port for communication; and the expander circuit with 16 channels applicable for both digital and analog inputs. Power and power quality measurement utilized a digital AC power measurement module PZEM004TV3 and a ACS712 current sensor. The data was sent to display through the platform Home Assistant program with the MQTT broker installed on the Raspberry Pi board. The analysis and tests of the developed circuit showed that the circuit could measure and control the power consumption as designed, having the ability to operate in a modular manner. The investment cost was 412.5–931 Baht (11.3 – 25.4 USD), 2–5 times less expensive than the existing circuits in the marketplace, and the capability of long-distance data transmission. The accuracy and completion of the transferred data was more than 98.36% with a low average power consumption of 8.5 watts and achieved 1.64% higher power quality estimation accuracy than the standard equipment. The advantages are easy to connect to various platforms, economical price, can add measurement circuit. Note that a server is required for the MQTT protocol.

Rational use of Antibiotic Prophylaxis during Childbirth: A Case of Community Hospital in Northeastern Thailand

2023-04-05T11:21:50+07:00

Irrational antibiotic use has become the national agenda both in Thailand and other countries worldwide. This prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis during childbirth among pregnant women who were admitted to Yangtalat Hospital, Kalasin Province between 1 January and 30 June 2020. Data were collected from medical records and patient interviews during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. A total of 270 participants were recruited in the study. There were 127 and 143 women with vaginal delivery and caesarean section, respectively. Antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed in 139 participants (51.5%). The percentage of appropriateness of prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis was 97.8%. Peripartum infections were presented in 8.9%. In conclusion, most of antibiotic prophylaxis is rational with low incidence of complications.

Effect of Pharmaceutical Care and Nutrition Services on Glycemic Control in Elderly Patients with Diabetes: A case Study of Community Hospital

2023-04-05T11:17:29+07:00

A non-communicable diseases (NCDs) clinic has been established in The Nonsaad hospital. The multidisciplinary teams have been participating in this clinic for patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of pharmaceutical care and nutrition services by the pharmacist in elderly patients with diabetes this hospital. This study was quasi-experimental and conducted in one group of populations by comparison before and after the intervention was given. Changes of HbA1C level and patient knowledge were the primary outcomes. A total of 38 patients were included. Three months after receiving pharmaceutical care and nutrition services, the mean of HbA1C level was significantly decreased from 10.2+1.9% to 9.0+1.8% and FPG from 192.3+61.7 mg/dl to 160.2+59.9 mg/dl. The average scores of patients’ knowledge regarding diabetes and nutrition was significantly increased by 1.8 points (total 15 points) and 1.0 points (total 13 points), respectively. Noncompliance was the most

drug-related problem found and all patients were reported as well nourished. This study can indicate that the pharmaceutical care and nutrition services could lower blood sugar levels, increase patients’ knowledge in fields of diabetes and nutrition, decrease drug-related problems and improve unhealthy diet habits.

Clinical Outcomes of the Establishment of Chronic Kidney Disease Clinic for the Slow Progression of Khong Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

2023-03-27T13:47:46+07:00

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients. Before and after receiving services in the slow progression of CKD Clinic, Khong Hospital. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research design. The study period was one year. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comparison of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), HbA1c, blood pressure, and LDL values before and after receiving services from the slow progression of CKD Clinic using a paired t-test. There were 127 patients. After receiving services in the slow progression of CKD Clinic for one year, it was found that the patients had a decrease in eGFR value of 3.92 ml/min/1.73m², statistically significant at the confidence level is 0.05. In other clinical outcomes, the slow progression of CKD Clinic can improve HbA1c and blood pressure values. In the resultant LDL values, no differences were found. In conclusion, patients with risk factors for stage 2 or more chronic kidney disease receiving care in a full-fledged multidisciplinary clinic will significantly slow down renal deterioration.

Effect of Cell Concentrations and Culture Media on Hamster Splenocyte Viability During in vitro Cultivation

2023-02-26T10:17:57+07:00

Syrian golden hamster has been widely used as experimental model in several diseases, although their immune background still not fully understood due to the limited of antibodies in vitro cultivation of their immune cells. Therefore, knowledge of mouse immunity has often been substituted to explain the results of hamster experiments. However, as these immune systems have also been reported to be different., this methodology may be problematic. In order to study the hamster immunity, in vitro culture of hamster immune cells is required. In this study, we therefore proposed to optimize the conditions necessary to study the hamster splenic cells, which contains major source of immune cells. Normal hamster splenocytes at 1x10⁵, 1x10⁶, and 1x10⁷ cells/mL were used to optimize culture conditions to obtain highest possible cell viability. Various media and supplements such as RPMI, DMEM, IMDM and 10-20% FBS were titrated. The cultures were performed over 1-4 days as has been done in most immunological studies. Our results demonstrated that after 2 days of culture, 1x10⁷ cells/mL gave the maximum viabilities of 78.77% while 1x10⁵ and 1x10⁶ cells/mL concentration yielded 62.32% and 63.49% viability. After 4 days, the same 1x10⁷ cells/mL also gave the maximum viabilities at 69.22%. A 15% FBS provided maximum viability of the 1x10⁷ cells/mL concentration. RPMI medium provided an optimal viability of 70% after 4 days for the hamster splenic cells. RPMI and DMEM were subsequently deemed to be suitable for hamster splenocytes. This novel results for optimization of culture conditions will therefore be useful for study of hamster immune cells in other immunological techniques.

Biological Activity and Bioactive Compound of Thai Medicinal Plant Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.

2023-04-05T16:43:27+07:00

Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf., more often known as white galingale, is a medicinal plant with bioactive compounds able to inhibit free radicals. Using alternative herbal medications offers good efficacy as well as great safety for health compared to chemically manufactured drug treatments. In this research, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, flavonoid content and tyrosinase inhibitory assay of B. rotunda (L.) Mansf. were studied in relation to extraction duration. Ground, dried white galingale obtained from Sa Kaeo Province cooperatives were extracted by ethanolic maceration for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours respectively. The total phenolic content of all extracts were determined and extraction for 3 hour has the highest value (6.80 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g DW). Extraction for 12 hours yielded the highest total flavonoid content (2.14 ± 0.02 mg QE/g DW). Extraction for 24 hours resulted in the maximum antioxidant activity (80.2 ± 0.7% inhibition) with the ABTS assay while extraction for 3 hours appears to possess the highest antioxidant activity (87.68 ± 0.34% inhibition) for DPPH assay. The most powerful reducing ability of 64.70 ± 15.28 g/ml was found after 24 hours of extraction using a potassium ferricyanide reducing power test. Bradford assay revealed that 24 hour extracts contain highest protein content (12.22 ± 0.32 mg BSA/g DW). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was also analyzed using dopachrome method. The results suggested that 3 hour extracts possessed the highest inhibitory effect (67.33 ± 0.85% inhibition).

Urea Transformation in Clayey Soil Affected by using Synthetic and Natural Inhibitors under Laboratory Soil Incubation

2022-12-08T14:33:22+07:00

This study investigates the effect of urea with commonly applied rate by farmers and soil analysis rate and using synthetic and natural inhibitors associated with urea based on soil analysis rate on soil N transformation in form of ammonium and nitrate under laboratory soil incubation for 42 days. Seven inhibitors used in this study were (1) NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide), (2) DMPP (dimethylpyrazole phosphate), (3) NBPT+DMPP, (4) garlic (Allium sativum), (5) ground neem seed (Azadirachta indica), (6) garlic+ground neem seed and (7) praxelis (Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M. King & H. Rob). The result showed that the application of N fertilizer at commonly applied by farmer rate had a greater soil inorganic N than soil analysis rate, but was not in proportion to the N rate applied. Moreover, NBPT, DMPP and praxelis tended to retain an accumulative ammonium by 15.49, 14.74 and 14.67% higher than only urea, respectively. All inhibitors had a potential for retarded nitrification rate up to 3 weeks by praxelis achieved 24.09% of inhibition of nitrification.

Work Stress of Electronics Assembly Industrial Workers in Northeast Thailand

2023-02-16T14:41:13+07:00

The cross-sectional analytic study aimed to investigate work stress of northeastern electronics manufacturing and assembly industry workers. Data collection was conducted in April 2022, the sample used cluster randomization as an electronics industrial facility located in the Northeast. In the area of Udon Thani province and Khon Kaen province, a sample 257 people. Research tools by Subjective workload index. The results showed that the most employees were female. Positions Operator is 77.04%, The main function of workers are inspect the piece of electronic 40.47%, repetitive work in the same position 87.55%, They with ability to control work is at a low level of 78.21%. Found Subjective workload index level 5 amount of 11.28%, meaning very uncomfortable, Must be improved within 1 week, Level 4 amount of 13.23%, meaning uncomfortable, Must be improved within 1 week, Level 3 amount of 31.91 %, meaning moderate discomfort.. It was found that high work stress of worker 56.42%, that need to be corrected further

Leadership Soft Skill and Key Success Factors Affecting the Risk Management of Sub-District Health Promoting Hospital Directors at Sisaket Province

2023-03-27T13:30:41+07:00

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study leadership soft skills and key success factors affecting the risk management of sub-district health-promoting hospital directors in Sisaket Province, Thailand. Data were collected from the 117 populations of sub-district health-promoting hospital directors by questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics with a significant level at 0.05. The results showed that the overall level of leadership soft skills and key success factors was high. The results factors included building understanding and cooperation, coaching, the executives at all levels have monitoring and supporting, and teamwork were affecting to the risk management of sub-district health-promoting hospital directors in Sisaket Province at 72.9 percentage (R²=0.729, p-value<0.001).

Administrative Factors and Leadership Soft Skills Influencing the Performance of Emergency Medical Service First Responders of Local Government in Khonkaen Province

2023-04-25T14:57:16+07:00

This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study administrative factors and leadership soft skills affecting the performance of first responders in the emergency medical service of the local government in Khonkaen province, Thailand. The samples were taken from 169 healthcare personnel randomly selected by Systematic Random Sampling from 1,494 populations. Data for collected by questionnaire for quantitative data. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics with significance levels at 0.05. The results showed that overall of the administrative factors, the leadership soft skills and the performance of first responders in emergency medical services of local government in Khonkaen province were at a high level. The results showed that four variables of administrative factors; material, leadership soft skills; teamwork ability, self-development ability and initiative ability were affecting the performance of first responders in the emergency medical service of the local government in Khonkaen province at 43.0 percent (R²=0.430, p-value<0.001).

Effect of a Social Support and Health Literacy Program on Resilience of Older Persons During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Community, Khon Kaen Province

2023-02-27T10:54:15+07:00

This quasi-experimental research design aimed to study the effect of a social support and health literacy program on resilience of older persons during Covid-19 pandemic in a community, Khon Kaen Province. The samples were 27 persons aged 60 years and over living with family in Nong Bua Subdistrict, Ban Fang District, Khon Kaen Province. Data were obtained between March to August 2022. Research instrument was a social support and health literacy program which developed base on social support and health literacy concepts. Data collection instruments included personal questionnaire for older adult and family and Thai Elderly Resilience Scale (TERS). Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANOVA. The result of this study revealed that there was statistical significance difference in the mean resilience score of pre-activities, post-activities and four-week follow up (p<0.05).