The Effect of Quail Egg and Hen Egg Consumption on Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31584/jhsmr.201946Keywords:
hen egg, LDL-oxidation, lipoprotein profiles, quail egg, small dense LDLAbstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of quail egg and hen egg supplements on lipoprotein profiles, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and small dense LDL cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) in young healthy people, compared with hen eggs.
Material and Methods: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (11 men and 12 women) were randomly assigned to consume 3 whole hen eggs per day (hen group, n=11) (total cholesterol 633 mg) or 9 quail eggs per day (quail group, n=12) (total cholesterol 459 mg) for 30 days. The plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride concentrations and lipoprotein fractions (Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein; TRL, LDL and high-density lipoprotein; HDL) were determined at baseline and after the 30-day period of egg consumption. The LDL oxidation (lag time) was measured by the increase of conjugated diene production. Sd-LDL-C was calculated from the major lipid and lipoprotein parameters.
Results: In the quail group, plasma triglyceride (TG) and LDL-TG were significantly decreased, whereas the plasma cholesterol and HDL-C were unchanged. There was no alteration in lipoprotein profiles in the hen group. The LDL lag time of the quail group was longer than at baseline. There were no significant changes in sd-LDL-C levels in both groups during the study.
Conclusion: Quail egg and hen egg consumptions for 30 days did not change the lipoprotein profiles, sd-LDL as well as the LDL-oxidation, which not modified the cardiovascular disease risk factor.
References
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26. Patalay M, Lofgren IE, Freake HC, Koo SI, Fernandez ML. The lowering of plasma lipids following a weight reduction program is related to increased expression of the LDL receptor and lipoprotein lipase. J Nutr 2005;135:735-9.
27. Oh SY, Miller LT. Effect of dietary egg on variability of plasma cholesterol levels and lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:421–31.
28. Morgan AE, Mooney KM, Wilkinson SJ, Pickles NA, Mc Auley MT. Cholesterol metabolism: a review of how ageing disrupts the biological mechanisms responsible for its regulation. Ageing Res Rev 2016;27:108-24.
29. Mutungi G, Ratliff J, Puglisi M, Torres-Gonzalez M, Vaishnav U, Leite JO, et al. Dietary cholesterol from eggs increases plasma HDL cholesterol in overweight men consuming a carbohydrate-restricted diet. J Nutr 2008;138:272-6.
30. Harman NL, Leds AR, Griffin BA. Increased dietary cholesterol does not increase plasma low density lipoprotein when accompanied by an energy-restricted diet and weight loss. Eur J Nutr 2008;47:287-93.
31. Chapman MJ, Laplaud PM, Luc G, Forgez P, Bruckert E, Goulinet S, et al. Further resolution of the low density lipoprotein spectrum in normal human plasma: physicochemical characteristics of discrete subspecies separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation J Lipid Res 1988;29:442-58.
32. Shen MM, Krauss RM, Lindgren FT, Forte TM. Heterogeneity of serum low-density lipoproteins in normal human subjects. J Lipid Res 1981;22:236-44.
33. Deckelbaum RJ, Eisenberg S, Oschry Y, Butbul E, Sharon I, Olivecrona T. Reversible modification of human plasma low density lipoproteins toward triglyceride-rich precursors. A mechanism for losing excess cholesterol esters. J Biol Chem 1982;257:6509-17.
34. Hirayama S, Miida T. Small dense LDL: an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2012;414: 215-24.
35. Coresh J, Kwiterovich PO. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles and coronary heart disease risk: a clear association with uncertain implications. JAMA 1996;276:914-5.
36. Stampfer MJ, Krauss RM, Ma J, Blanche PJ, Holl LG, Sacks FM, et al. A prospective study of triglyceride level, lowdensity lipoprotein particles diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 1996;276:882-8.
37. Blesso CN. Andersen CJ, Barona J, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Whole egg consumption improves lipoprotein profiles and insulin sensitivity to a greater extent than yolk-free egg substitute in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2013;62:400-10.
38. Wood RJ, Volek JS, Liu Y, Shachter NS, Contois JH, Fernandez ML. Carbohydrate restriction alters lipoprotein metabolism by modifying VLDL, LDL and HDL subfraction distribution and size in overweight men. J Nutr 2006;136: 384–9.
39. Techakriengkrai T, Klangjareonchai T, Pakpeankitwattana V, Sritara P, Roongpisuthipong C. The effect of ingestion of egg and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation on serum lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic women. Songklanakarin. J Sci Technol 2012;34:173-8.
40. DiMarco DM, Norris GH, Millar CL, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of up to 3 eggs per day is associated with changes in HDL function and increased plasma antioxidants in healthy, young adults. J Nutr 2017;147:323-9.
2. Tsioufis C, Mantzouranis E, Kalos T, Konstantinidis D, Tousoulis D. Risk factors of atherosclerosis: pathophysiological mechanisms. In: Tousoulis D, editor. Coronary artery disease, from biology to clinical practice. London: Academic Press; 2018;p.43-66.
3. Williams PT, Vranizan KM, Krauss RM. Correlations of plasma lipoproteins with LDL subfractions by particle size in men and women. J Lipid Res 1992;33:765-74.
4. Austin MA, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Willett WC, Krauss RM. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 1988;260:1917-21.
5. Gardner CD, Fortmann SP, Krauss RM. Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women. JAMA 1996;18:276:875-81.
6. Durrington PN. Lipoprotein and their metabolism. In: Durrington PN, editor. Hyperlipidemia: diagnosis and management. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann; 1995;p.25-71.
7. Seghrouchni I, Drai J, Bannier E, Garcia I, Revol A. Lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) behavior after in vitro oxidation in three groups of diabetics. Farmaco 2001;56:471-4.
8. Song WO, Kerver JM. Nutritional contribution of eggs to American diets. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19(5 Suppl):S556-62.
9. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014;129(25 Suppl 2): S76-9.
10. Djousse L, Gaziano JM. Egg consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality: the physicians’ health study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:964-9.
11. Fernandez ML. Dietary cholesterol provided by eggs and plasma lipoproteins in healthy populations. Curr Opin Clin Nutr 2006;9:8-16.
12. Levy Y, Maor I, Presser D, Aviram M. Cinsumption of eggs with meals increases the susceptibility of human plasma and low-density lipoprotein to lipid peroxidation. Ann Nutr Metab 1996;40:243-51.
13. Katz DL, Evans MA, Nawaz H, Njike VY, Chan W, Comerford BP, et al. Egg consumption and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Int J Cardiol 2005;99:65-70.
14. Kishimoto Y, Taguchi C, Saita E, Suzuki-Sugihara N, Nishiyama H, Wang W, et al. Additional consumption of one egg per day increases serum lutein plus zeaxanthin concentration and lowers oxidized low-density lipoprotein in moderately hypercholesterolemic males. Food Res Int 2017;99:944-9.
15. Mutungi G, Waters D, Ratliff J, Puglisi M, Clark RM, Volek JS, et al. Eggs distinctly modulate plasma carotenoid and lipoprotein subclasses in adult men following a carbohydraterestricted diet. J Nutr Biochem 2010;21:261-7.
16. Adabi SHG, Ahbab M, Fani AR, Hajbabaei A, Ceylan N, Cooper RG. Egg yolk fatty acid profile of avian speciesinfluence on human nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutri 2013;97:27-38.
17. Sinanoglou VJ, Strati IF, Miniadis-Meimaroglou S. Lipid, fatty acid and carotenoid content of edible egg yolks from avian species: a comparative study. Food Chem 2011;124: 971-7.
18. Tanjor S, Sriwan T, Puwastien P, Deeaum A, Judprasong K. Nutritive value of commonly consumed eggs and effects of cooking. Thai Sci Technol J 2015;23:651-6.
19. Havel RJ, Eder HA, Bragdon JH. The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum. J Clin Invest 1955;34:1345-53.
20. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265-75.
21. Parthasarathy S, Khoo JC, Miller E, Barnett J, Witztum JL, Steinberg D. Low density lipoprotein rich in oleic acid is protected against oxidative modification: implications for dietary prevention of atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:3894–8.
22. Srisawasdi P, Chaloeysup S, Teerajetgul Y, Pocathikorn A, Sukasem C, Vanavanan S. et al. Estimation of plasma small dense LDL cholesterol from classic lipid measures. Am J Clin Pathol 2011;136:20-9.
23. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
24. Abbott RD, Garrison RJ, Wilson PW, Epstein FH, Castelli WP, Feinleib M, et al. Joint distribution of lipoprotein cholesterol classes. The Framingham study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1983;3:260–72.
25. Millar JS, Lichtenstein AH, Cuchel M, Dolnikowski GG, Hachey DL, Cohn JS, et al. Impact of age on the metabolism of VLDL, IDL, and LDL apolipoprotein B-100 in men. J Lipid Res 1995;36:1155–67.
26. Patalay M, Lofgren IE, Freake HC, Koo SI, Fernandez ML. The lowering of plasma lipids following a weight reduction program is related to increased expression of the LDL receptor and lipoprotein lipase. J Nutr 2005;135:735-9.
27. Oh SY, Miller LT. Effect of dietary egg on variability of plasma cholesterol levels and lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:421–31.
28. Morgan AE, Mooney KM, Wilkinson SJ, Pickles NA, Mc Auley MT. Cholesterol metabolism: a review of how ageing disrupts the biological mechanisms responsible for its regulation. Ageing Res Rev 2016;27:108-24.
29. Mutungi G, Ratliff J, Puglisi M, Torres-Gonzalez M, Vaishnav U, Leite JO, et al. Dietary cholesterol from eggs increases plasma HDL cholesterol in overweight men consuming a carbohydrate-restricted diet. J Nutr 2008;138:272-6.
30. Harman NL, Leds AR, Griffin BA. Increased dietary cholesterol does not increase plasma low density lipoprotein when accompanied by an energy-restricted diet and weight loss. Eur J Nutr 2008;47:287-93.
31. Chapman MJ, Laplaud PM, Luc G, Forgez P, Bruckert E, Goulinet S, et al. Further resolution of the low density lipoprotein spectrum in normal human plasma: physicochemical characteristics of discrete subspecies separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation J Lipid Res 1988;29:442-58.
32. Shen MM, Krauss RM, Lindgren FT, Forte TM. Heterogeneity of serum low-density lipoproteins in normal human subjects. J Lipid Res 1981;22:236-44.
33. Deckelbaum RJ, Eisenberg S, Oschry Y, Butbul E, Sharon I, Olivecrona T. Reversible modification of human plasma low density lipoproteins toward triglyceride-rich precursors. A mechanism for losing excess cholesterol esters. J Biol Chem 1982;257:6509-17.
34. Hirayama S, Miida T. Small dense LDL: an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2012;414: 215-24.
35. Coresh J, Kwiterovich PO. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles and coronary heart disease risk: a clear association with uncertain implications. JAMA 1996;276:914-5.
36. Stampfer MJ, Krauss RM, Ma J, Blanche PJ, Holl LG, Sacks FM, et al. A prospective study of triglyceride level, lowdensity lipoprotein particles diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 1996;276:882-8.
37. Blesso CN. Andersen CJ, Barona J, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Whole egg consumption improves lipoprotein profiles and insulin sensitivity to a greater extent than yolk-free egg substitute in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2013;62:400-10.
38. Wood RJ, Volek JS, Liu Y, Shachter NS, Contois JH, Fernandez ML. Carbohydrate restriction alters lipoprotein metabolism by modifying VLDL, LDL and HDL subfraction distribution and size in overweight men. J Nutr 2006;136: 384–9.
39. Techakriengkrai T, Klangjareonchai T, Pakpeankitwattana V, Sritara P, Roongpisuthipong C. The effect of ingestion of egg and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation on serum lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic women. Songklanakarin. J Sci Technol 2012;34:173-8.
40. DiMarco DM, Norris GH, Millar CL, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of up to 3 eggs per day is associated with changes in HDL function and increased plasma antioxidants in healthy, young adults. J Nutr 2017;147:323-9.
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2019-03-28
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Mingpakanee R, Chaisitthichai C, Wichitamporn N, Sappittayakorn P, Phongphanwatana S. The Effect of Quail Egg and Hen Egg Consumption on Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein. J Health Sci Med Res [Internet]. 2019 Mar. 28 [cited 2024 Apr. 19];37(2):109-20. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jhsmr/article/view/146806
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