Preliminary Study of Haemosporidian Parasite and White Blood Cell Count in Scotophilus kuhlii Bats
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Published:
Nov 13, 2018
Keywords:
Asiatic lesser yellow house bat Haemosporidian Prevalence White blood cells
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Abstract
Bats played role as a reservoir host of protozoan blood parasite. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of haemosporidian parasite infection and gender on white blood cell (WBC) count of Asiatic lesser yellow house bat (Scotophilus kuhlii) in Muang district, Nakhon Phanom province, Thailand. Forty four adult bats with both sexes and weighing between 17-25 grams were collected their blood samples. Slides of blood smear were stained with Wright-Giemsa stain and observed under a light microscopic. The results showed that the highest percentage of WBC count was seen in neutrophil (55.10±15.79) whereas eosinophil (0.33±0.57) and basophil (0.32±0.56) has the lowest count. The differential WBC count of adult female and male were not different (P>0.05). Similarly, the percentage of WBC count were not different (P>0.05) between positive of infection and negative of infection group. Base on thorough microscopic examination of blood smear, this study observed that prevalence of blood parasites as Haemoproteidae family was 11.36 % (5/44). In conclusion, the results of present study found that an infection of haemosporidian and gender of Asiatic lesser yellow house bats had no effects on WBC count.
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Research Article
References
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Schaer, J., S. L. Perkinsc, J. Decher, F. H. Leendertz, J. Fahr, N. Weber, and K. Matuschewskia. 2013. High diversity of West African bat malaria parasites and a tight link with rodent Plasmodium taxa. PNAS. 110(43): 17415-17419.
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Srinivasulu, B., C. Srinivasulu, and P. Venkateshwarlu. 2010. First record of Lesser Yellow house bat Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 from Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India with a note on its diet. J. Threatened Taxa. 2(10): 1234-1236.
Suckow, M. A., P. Danneman, and C. Brayton. 2001. The laboratory mouse (Laboratory animal pocket reference series). CRC Press LLC, New York. USA.
Thanee, N., T. Archavakom, and S. Arun. 2016. Species diversity and diet of bats in Sakaerat environmental research station. In: 2014 Annual research of Suranaree University of Technology. (In Thai)
Thengare, M. R., A. A. Dhamani, and A. V. Dorlikar. 2015. Haematological parameters of the wild caught Emballonurid bat, Taphozous kachhensis (Dobson). Int. J. Res. Biosci. Agri. & Technol (IJRBAT). Special Issue(6): 205-207.
van Wolfswinkel, M. E., M. C. C. Langenberg, L. J. Wammes, R. W. Sauerwein, R. Koelewijn, C. C. Hermsen, J. J. van Hellemond, and P. J. van Genderen. 2017. Changes in total and differential leukocyte counts during the clinically silent liver phase in a controlled human malaria infection in malaria-naive Dutch volunteers. Malar J. 6: 457.
Wolk, E., and A. L. Ruprecht. 1988. Haematological values in the Serotine Bat, Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774). Acta Theriologica. 33(40): 545-553.
Bates, P., T. Kingston, C. Francis, G. Rosell-Ambal, L. Heaney, J.-C. Gonzales, S. Molur, and C. Srinivasulu 2008. Scotophilus kuhlii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www. iucnredlist.org. (Accessed 22 May 2017)
Bhatkulkar, M. M., and A. M. Watkar 2014. Values of WBC during reproductive cycle in megachiropteran bat Rousettus Leschenaulti (Desmerest). Res. J. Recent. Sci. 3(IS-2013): 340-343.
Biodiversity-Base Economy Development Office (BEDO) 2018. Bio diversity (animals): Asiatic lesser yellow house bat. www.Biogang.net. (Accessed 13 January 2018). (In Thai)
Blumenreich, M. S. 1990. The white blood cell and differential count. In: H. K. Walker, W. D. Hall and J. W. Hurst, editors, Clinical methods: The history, physical, and laboratory examinations. Butterworths, Boston.
Boonkird, K., and S. Wanghongsa. 2003. Diversity of bats in Thailand. In: 2003 Annual Report of Wildlife Research Division, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. (In Thai)
Bumrungsri, S., D. L. Harrison, C. Satasook, A. Prajukjitr, S. Thong-Aree, and P. J. J. Bates. 2006. A review of bat research in Thailand with eight new species records for the country. Acta Chiropterol. 8(2): 325–359.
Calisher, C. H., J. E. Childs, H. E. Field, K. V. Holmes, and T. Schountz. 2006. Bats: Important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19(3): 531-545.
Cootter, S. M. 2001. Hematology; quick look series in veterinary medicine. Teton New media, USA.
Duengkae, P. 2007. Bats of Thailand: for field identification. Charoenphol Publishing and Covering limited, Nonthaburi. (In Thai)
Duval, L., V. Robert, G. Csorba, A. Hassanin, M. Randrianarivelojosia, J. Walston, T. Nhim, S. M. Goodman, and F. Ariey. 2007. Multiple host-switching of haemosporidia parasites in bats. Malar. J. 6: 157.
Epstein, J., E. Alliance, M. LeBreton, M. M. K. Rostal, and Predict One Health Consortium. 2016. PREDICT Operating Procedures: Bat Sampling Methods. https://[email protected]. (Accessed 28 June 2017).
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO). 2011. Investigating the role of bats in emerging zoonoses: Balancing ecology, conservation and public health interests. In: Newman, S. H., H. E. Fieldde, C. E. Jong, and J. H. Epstein, editors, FAO Animal Production and Health Manual No. 12. Rome. https://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/resources/en/publications.html. (Accessed 5 September 2016).
Forget, P., C. Khalifa, J-P. Defour, D. Latinne, M-C. Van Pel, and M. De Kock. 2017. What is the normal value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. BMC. Res. Notes. 10: 12.
Gwak, M. S., S. J. Choi, J. A. Kim, J. S. Ko, T. H. Kim, S. M. Lee, J-A. Park, and M. H. Kim. 2007. Effects of gender on white blood cell populations and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio following gastrectomy in patients with stomach cancer. J. Korean Med. Sci. 22(Suppl): S104-S108.
Jakubas, D., K. Wojczulanis-Jakubas, and I. Kulaszewicz. 2013. Factors affecting haematological variables and body mass of reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and sedge warblers (A. schoenobaenus). Ann. Zool. Fennici. 50: 146-157.
Kotepui, M., B. Phunphuech, N. Phiwklam, C. Chupeerach, and S. Duangmano. 2014. Effect of malarial infection on haematological parameters in population near Thailand-Myanmar border. Malar J. 13: 218.
Kotepui, M., D. Phiwklam, B. Phunphuech, N. Phiwklam, C. Chupeerach, and S. Duangmano. 2015. Effects of malaria parasite density on blood cell parameters. PLoS ONE. 10(3): e0121057.
Kraisin, S., A. Palasuwan, and D. Palasuwan. 2015. Hematological system changes in Malaria disease. J. Hematol. Transfus. Med. 25(1): 63-71. (In Thai)
Landau, I., D. Baccam, N. Ratanaworabhan, S. Yenbutra, Y. Boulard, and A. G. Chabaud. 1984. Nouveaux Haemoproteidae parasites de chiroptères en Thailande. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 59(5): 437–447.
Landau, I., J. M. Chavatte, G. Karadjian, A. Chabaud, and I. Beveridge. 2012. The haemosporidian parasites of bats with description of Sprattiella alecto gen. nov., sp. nov. Parasite. 19: 137-146.
Levin, E., U. Roll, A. Dolev, Y. Yom-Tov, and N. Kronfeld-Shcor. 2013. Bats of a gender flock together: sexual segregation in a Subtropical bat. PLoS ONE. 8(2): e54987.
Paksuz, S., E. P. Paksuz, and B. Ozkan. 2009. White blood cell (WBC) count different bat (Chiroptera) species. Trakya Univ. J. Sci. 10(1): 55-59.
Perkins, S. L., and J. Schaer. 2016. A Modern menagerie of mammalian malaria. Trends in Parasitol. 32(10): 772-782.
Schaer, J., S. L. Perkinsc, J. Decher, F. H. Leendertz, J. Fahr, N. Weber, and K. Matuschewskia. 2013. High diversity of West African bat malaria parasites and a tight link with rodent Plasmodium taxa. PNAS. 110(43): 17415-17419.
Schaer, J., D. M. Reeder, M. E. Vodzak, K. J. Olival, N. Weber, F. Mayer, K. Matuschewski, and S.L. Perkins. 2015. Nycteria parasites of Afrotropical insectivorous bats. Int. J. Parasitol. 45(6): 375-384.
Senior, P., R. K. Butlin, and J. D. Altringham. 2005. Sex and segregation in temperate bats. Proc. R. Soc. B. 271, 2467-2473.
Srinivasulu, B., C. Srinivasulu, and P. Venkateshwarlu. 2010. First record of Lesser Yellow house bat Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 from Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India with a note on its diet. J. Threatened Taxa. 2(10): 1234-1236.
Suckow, M. A., P. Danneman, and C. Brayton. 2001. The laboratory mouse (Laboratory animal pocket reference series). CRC Press LLC, New York. USA.
Thanee, N., T. Archavakom, and S. Arun. 2016. Species diversity and diet of bats in Sakaerat environmental research station. In: 2014 Annual research of Suranaree University of Technology. (In Thai)
Thengare, M. R., A. A. Dhamani, and A. V. Dorlikar. 2015. Haematological parameters of the wild caught Emballonurid bat, Taphozous kachhensis (Dobson). Int. J. Res. Biosci. Agri. & Technol (IJRBAT). Special Issue(6): 205-207.
van Wolfswinkel, M. E., M. C. C. Langenberg, L. J. Wammes, R. W. Sauerwein, R. Koelewijn, C. C. Hermsen, J. J. van Hellemond, and P. J. van Genderen. 2017. Changes in total and differential leukocyte counts during the clinically silent liver phase in a controlled human malaria infection in malaria-naive Dutch volunteers. Malar J. 6: 457.
Wolk, E., and A. L. Ruprecht. 1988. Haematological values in the Serotine Bat, Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774). Acta Theriologica. 33(40): 545-553.