Stroke in the elderly
Keywords:
acute ischemic stroke, acute stroke, elderly, hemorrhagic strokeAbstract
Because there was the high prevalence of stroke in the elderly so stroke is the crucial health care problem in Thailand where it enters the Aged Society. Stroke is the important cause of death in Thai population and morbidity as well. Therefore, understanding the nature of the disease especially in the elderly is very important for preparation to deal with the increasing of stroke patient in the future. Although many factors including gender and cerebral amyloid angiopathy could not be changed but some modified factors should be treated and controlled such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and clot control in atrial fibrillation for prevention of poor consequences including mortality and morbidity after stroke in the elderly. The rehabilitation after stroke is the key for improvement in patient functional status in spite of the poorer outcome of recovery in the elderly compared with the young adults.
References
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3. Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e146-e603.
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5. Nilanont Y, Nidhinandana S, Suwanwela NC, Hanchaiphiboolkul S, Pimpak T, Tatsanavivat P, et al. Quality of acute ischemic stroke care in Thailand: a prospective multicenter countrywide cohort study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;23(2):213-9.
6. Venketasubramanian N, Tan LC, Sahadevan S, Chin JJ, Krishnamoorthy ES, Hong CY, et al. Prevalence of stroke among Chinese, Malay, and Indian Singaporeans: a community-based tri-racial cross-sectional survey. Stroke. 2005;36(3):551-6.
7. Engstad T, Engstad TT, Viitanen M, Ellekjær H. Epidemiology of stroke in the elderly in the Nordic countries. Incidence, survival, prevalence and risk factors Norsk Epidemiologi 2012;22(2):121-6.
8. Teh WL, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Seow E, Sagayadevan V, Shafie S, et al. Prevalence of stroke, risk factors, disability and care needs in older adults in Singapore: results from the WiSE study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e020285.
9. van Asch CJ, Luitse MJ, Rinkel GJ, van der Tweel I, Algra A, Klijn CJ. Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(2):167-76.
10. Boehme AK, Esenwa C, Elkind MS. Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention. Circ Res. 2017;120(3):472-95.
11. Kapral MK, Fang J, Hill MD, Silver F, Richards J, Jaigobin C, et al. Sex differences in stroke care and outcomes: results from the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network. Stroke. 2005;36(4):809-14.
12. Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, Larson MG, Kannel WB, D’Agostino RB, et al. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2002;287(8):1003-10.
13. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R, Prospective Studies C. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903-13.
14. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, Staessen JA, Liu L, Dumitrascu D, et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(18):1887-98.
15. Rodgers A, Perkovic V. A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(23):2295.
16. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021-104.
17. Sui X, Lavie CJ, Hooker SP, Lee DC, Colabianchi N, Lee CD, et al. A prospective study of fasting plasma glucose and risk of stroke in asymptomatic men. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(11):1042-9.
18. Banerjee C, Moon YP, Paik MC, Rundek T, Mora-McLaughlin C, Vieira JR, et al. Duration of diabetes and risk of ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke. 2012;43(5):1212-7.
19. Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358(24):2545-59.
20.Professional Practice Committee for the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2016. Diabetes Care. 2016;39 Suppl 1:S107-8.
21. Zoni-Berisso M, Lercari F, Carazza T, Domenicucci S. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective. Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:213-20.
22.Yiin Gabriel SC, Howard Dominic PJ, Paul Nicola LM, Li L, Luengo-Fernandez R, Bull Linda M, et al. Age-Specific Incidence, Outcome, Cost, and Projected Future Burden of Atrial Fibrillation–Related Embolic Vascular Events. Circulation. 2014;130(15):1236-44.
23.Perera V, Bajorek BV, Matthews S, Hilmer SN. The impact of frailty on the utilisation of antithrombotic therapy in older patients with atrial fibrillation. Age Ageing. 2009;38(2):156-62.
24.Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice
Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S1-45.
25.Savarese G, Gotto AM, Jr., Paolillo S, D’Amore C, Losco T, Musella F, et al. Benefits of statins in elderly subjects without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(22):2090-9.
26.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Management and Reduction, Including Lipid Modification; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) [Internet].2014.
27.Writing C, Lloyd-Jones DM, Morris PB, Ballantyne CM, Birtcher KK, Daly DD, Jr., et al. 2016 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Non-Statin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(1):92-125.
28.Herzig MC, Winkler DT, Burgermeister P, Pfeifer M, Kohler E, Schmidt SD, et al. Abeta is targeted to the vasculature in a mouse model of hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. Nat Neurosci. 2004;7(9):954-60.
29.Weller RO, Massey A, Newman TA, Hutchings M, Kuo YM, Roher AE. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: amyloid beta accumulates in putative interstitial fluid drainage pathways in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Pathol. 1998;153(3):725-33.
30.Yamada M. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: emerging concepts. J Stroke. 2015;17(1):17-30.
31. Viswanathan A, Greenberg SM. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly. Ann Neurol. 2011;70(6):871-80.
32.Vernooij MW, van der Lugt A, Ikram MA, Wielopolski PA, Niessen WJ, Hofman A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Neurology. 2008;70(14):1208-14.
33.Cordonnier C, Al-Shahi Salman R, Wardlaw J. Spontaneous brain microbleeds: systematic review, subgroup analyses and standards for study design and reporting. Brain. 2007;130(8):1988-2003.
34.Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, del Zoppo GJ. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(7):CD000213.
35.Tong X, George MG, Yang Q, Gillespie C. Predictors of in-hospital death and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombolytic therapy: Paul Coverdell Acute Stroke Registry 2008-2012. Int J Stroke. 2014;9(6):728-34.
36.group ISTc, Sandercock P, Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI, Dennis M, Cohen G, et al. The benefits and harms of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 6 h of acute ischaemic stroke (the third international stroke trial [IST-3]): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;379(9834):2352-63.
37.Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018;49(3):e46-e110.
38.Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, Brozman M, Davalos A, Guidetti D, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(13):1317-29.
39.Hacke W, Donnan G, Fieschi C, Kaste M, von Kummer R, Broderick JP, et al. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDSrt-PA stroke trials. Lancet. 2004;363(9411):768-74.
40.group ISTc. Effect of thrombolysis with alteplase within 6 h of acute ischaemic stroke on long-term outcomes (the third International Stroke Trial [IST-3]): 18-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(8):768-76.
41. Papanagiotou P, Ntaios G. Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2018;11(1):e005362.
42.Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016;387(10029):1723-31.
43.Bush CK, Kurimella D, Cross LJ, Conner KR, Martin-Schild S, He J, et al. Endovascular Treatment with Stent-Retriever Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147287.
44.Alawieh A, Chatterjee A, Feng W, Porto G, Vargas J, Kellogg R, et al. Thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in the elderly: a ‘real world’ experience. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018.
45.Saposnik G, Cote R, Phillips S, Gubitz G, Bayer N, Minuk J, et al. Stroke outcome in those over 80: a multicenter cohort study across Canada. Stroke. 2008;39(8):2310-7.
46.Boysen G, Marott JL, Gronbaek M, Hassanpour H, Truelsen T. Long-term survival after stroke: 30 years of follow-up in a cohort, the Copenhagen
City Heart Study. Neuroepidemiology. 2009;33(3):254-60.
47.Byles JE, Francis JL, Chojenta CL, Hubbard IJ. Long-term survival of older Australian women with a history of stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24(1):53-60.
48.Divani AA, Vazquez G, Barrett AM, Asadollahi M, Luft AR. Risk factors associated with injury attributable to falling among elderly population with history of stroke. Stroke. 2009;40(10):3286-92.
49.Sun JH, Tan L, Yu JT. Post-stroke cognitive impairment: epidemiology, mechanisms and management. Ann Transl Med. 2014;2(8):80.
50.Zekry D, Duyckaerts C, Belmin J, Geoffre C, Herrmann F, Moulias R, et al. The vascular lesions in vascular and mixed dementia: the weight of functional neuroanatomy. Neurobiol Aging. 2003;24(2):213-9.
51. Szabo K, Forster A, Jager T, Kern R, Griebe M, Hennerici MG, et al. Hippocampal lesion patterns in acute posterior cerebral artery stroke: clinical and MRI findings. Stroke. 2009;40(6):2042-5.
52.Group LS. 2001-2011: a decade of the LADIS (Leukoaraiosis And DISability) Study: what have we learned about white matter changes and small-vessel disease? Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011;32(6):577-88.
53.Poels MM, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Krestin GP, van der Lugt A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: an update of the Rotterdam scan study. Stroke. 2010;41(10 Suppl):S103-6.
54.Werring DJ, Frazer DW, Coward LJ, Losseff NA, Watt H, Cipolotti L, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral microbleeds on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI. Brain. 2004;127(Pt 10):2265-75.
55.HonigLS, Kukull W, Mayeux R. Atherosclerosis and AD: analysis of data from the US National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. Neurology. 2005;64(3):494-500.
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Published
2019-04-29
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มัญจาวงษ์ ม. Stroke in the elderly. J Thai Stroke Soc [Internet]. 2019 Apr. 29 [cited 2024 Apr. 25];18(1):59-74. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jtss/article/view/187480
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ข้อความภายในบทความที่ตีพิมพ์ในวารสารสมาคมโรคหลอดเลือดสมองไทยเล่มนี้ ตลอดจนความรับผิดชอบด้านเนื้อหาและการตรวจร่างบทความเป็นของผู้นิพนธ์ ไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับกองบรรณาธิการแต่อย่างใด การนำเนื้อหา ข้อความหรือข้อคิดเห็นของบทความไปเผยแพร่ ต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากกองบรรณาธิการอย่างเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษร ผลงานที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารเล่มนี้ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสาร
