A Self-Regulation Program on Dietary Consumption, Exercise, and Weight Gain for Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women

Main Article Content

Orrawan Pinitlertsakun
Piyanun Limruangrong
Nittaya Sinsuksai
Dittakarn Boriboonhirunsarn

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the effects of a self-regulation program on dietary consumption, exercise, and weight gain in overweight and obese pregnant women.


Design: Quasi-experimental research.


Methods: The participants were 70 overweight and obese pregnant women who visited the antenatal care unit, at a university hospital. The participants were divided into the control and experimental groups with 35 each. The control group received routine care and were taught knowledge about overweight and obesity in pregnancy and weight gain control. The experimental group were trained in self-regulation skill that included self-observation, judgment process, and self-reaction. Data were collected using the personal data form, the diet and exercise record sheets, and the weight gain record form at the fourth, and the eighth weeks after the initiation of the intervention. Data analysis was performed with chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and relative risk.


Main findings: The experimental group had less likelihood of having uncontrolled dietary consumption at fourth week and eighth week after the program (RR .36, 95%CI .20,.66 vs RR .19, 95%CI .07,.50, respectively), uncontrolled exercise (RR .25, 95%CI .11,.59 vs RR .20, 95%CI .09,.46, respectively), and uncontrolled weight gain (RR .63, 95%CI .40,.97 vs RR .61, 95%CI .38,.97, respectively), compared to the control group.


Conclusion and recommendations: The self-regulation program could alter diet and exercise behaviors progressively and controlled weight gain better than the routine care. Midwives should apply the self-regulation program to encourage the overweight and obese pregnant women control their diet, exercise and weight gain.

Article Details

How to Cite
Pinitlertsakun, O., Limruangrong, P., Sinsuksai, N., & Boriboonhirunsarn, D. (2019). A Self-Regulation Program on Dietary Consumption, Exercise, and Weight Gain for Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women. Nursing Science Journal of Thailand, 37(2), 26–42. Retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ns/article/view/192516
Section
Research Papers

References

1. Fisher SC, Kim SY, Sharma AJ, Rochat R, Morrow B. Is obesity still increasing among pregnant women? Prepregnancy obesity trends in 20 states, 2003–2009. Prev Med. 2013;56(6):372-8.
2. Sunsaneevithayakul P, Titapant V, Ruangvutilert P, Sutantawibul A, Phatihattakorn C, Wataganara T, et al. Relation between gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40(4):995-1001.
3. Jantradee B, Serisathian Y, Phahuwatanakorn W. Predictive factors of gestational weight gain. Journal of the Royal Thai Army Nurses. 2014;15(2):339-47. (in Thai).
4. Institute of Medicine, National Research Council. Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2009.
5. Awan S, Bibi S, Makhdoom A, Farooq S, Sm T, Qazi RA. Adverse fetomaternal outcome among pregnant overweight women. Pak J Med Sci. 2015;31(2):383-7.
6. Ng SK, Cameron CM, Hills AP, McClure RJ, Scuffham PA. Socioeconomic disparities in prepregnancy BMI and impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes and postpartum weight retention: the EFHL longitudinal birth cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:314.
7. Avcı ME, Sanlıkan F, Celik M, Avcı A, Kocaer M, Goçmen A. Effects of maternal obesity on antenatal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28(17):2080-3.
8. Gesche J, Nilas L. Pregnancy outcome according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;129(3):240-3.
9. Dodd JM, Turnbull D, McPhee AJ, Deussen AR, Grivell RM, Yelland LN, et al. Antenatal lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese: LIMIT randomised trial. BMJ. 2014;348:g1285.
10. Haby K, Glantz A, Hanas R, Premberg A. Mighty mums - an antenatal health care intervention can reduce gestational weight gain in women with obesity. Midwifery. 2015;31(7):685-92.
11. Hui AL, Back L, Ludwig S, Gardiner P, Sevenhuysen G, Dean HJ, et al. Effects of lifestyle intervention on dietary intake, physical activity level, and gestational weight gain in pregnant women with different pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index in a randomized control trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:331.
12. Petrella E, Malavolti M, Bertarini V, Pignatti L, Neri I, Battistini NC, et al. Gestational weight gain in overweight and obese women enrolled in a healthy lifestyle and eating habits program. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(13):1348-52.
13. Vesco KK, Karanja N, King JC, Gillman MW, Leo MC, Perrin N, et al. Efficacy of a group-based dietary intervention for limiting gestational weight gain among obese women: a randomized trial. Obesity. 2014;22(9):1989-96.
14. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1986. 617 p.
15. Limruangrong P, Sinsuksai N, Ratinthorn A, Boriboonhirunsarn D. Effectiveness of a self-regulation program on diet control, exercise, and two-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in Thais with gestational diabetes mellitus. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res. 2011;15(3):173-87.
16. Eamtrakul N. The effect of ‘3 Self’ health behavior program to knowledge, self-efficacy, self-regulation, self-care and the blood glucose in pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus at the Lerdsin Hospital. Journal of Behavioral Science for Development. 2013;5(1):129-38. (in Thai).
17. Kaenphueak Y, Junprasert S, Asawachaisuwikrom W. Outcome of self-regulation on eating behavior and brisk walk for weight control in overweight women. The Public Health Journal of Burapha University. 2014;9(1):104-16. (in Thai).
18. Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1991;50(2):248-87.
19. Thitpad C, Banchonhattakit P. Effects of eating behavior program for pregnant women with weight gain during pregnancy in ANC Clinic, Tertiary Hospital, Khon Kaen Province. Srinagarind Medical Journal. 2012;27(4):347-53. (in Thai).
20. Santos IA, Stein R, Fuchs SC, Duncan BB, Ribeiro JP, Kroeff LR, et al. Aerobic exercise and submaximal functional capacity in overweight pregnant women: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(2):243-9.
21. Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University. Manual of INMUCAL-Nutrients V.3 Program. 3rd ed. Nakhon Pathom: Thailand Publishing; 2015. 117 p. (in Thai).
22. Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2005. 1358 p.
23. Sui Z, Grivell RM, Dodd JM. Antenatal exercise to improve outcomes in overweight or obese women: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2012;91(5):538-45.
24. Srisatidnarakul B. The methodology in nursing research. 5th ed. Bangkok: U & I Inter Media; 2010. 568 p. (in Thai).
25. Chantawat K, Toonsiri C, Rattanagreethakul S. Effects of self-regulation program on weight loss behavior and bodyweight among overweight female health care personnel. The Journal of Faculty of Nursing Burapha University. 2016;24(3):70-82. (in Thai).