A Brief History of Protest Politics in Thailand (2001 – 2014)
Article Sidebar
Published:
Dec 30, 2016
Keywords:
Thai Politics Protest Movement Thaksin Regime Color-coded Politics
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rise of Thailand’s protest politics had begun in 2001 when the Thai Rak Thai Party won the general election and became a new kind of populist government that the Thai people had never seen before. However, Former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and his cabinet ministers were accused of corruption and manipulating the electoral process to gain more votes. Therefore, Thaksin's regime was toppled by the Royal Thai Army in 2006. Afterward, Thai protest politics intensified and reached its peak in 2010 when Prachatipat government decided to employ armed-force to crackdown the Thaksin's supporters under red-shirt movement. However, after the new round of the general election in 2011, Thaksin’s proxy party won the election. His younger sister, Yingluck Shinawatra became the first female Prime Minister of Thailand. Nonetheless, Thailand's modern political history was repeated after the Royal Thai Army decided to intervene through another military coup d'état in 2014. From that time on, all protest movements were prohibited under military rule and the so-called reconciliation process continued to work to remove Thailand’s protest politics’.
Article Details
How to Cite
Jotikut, R. (2016). A Brief History of Protest Politics in Thailand (2001 – 2014). Political Science and Public Administration Journal, 7(2), 79–117. Retrieved from https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/polscicmujournal/article/view/90982
Section
Academic Article
- เนื้อหาและข้อมูลที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารรัฐศาสตร์และรัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ถือเป็นข้อคิดเห็นและความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียนบทความโดยตรง ซึ่งกองบรรณาธิการวารสารรัฐศาสตร์และรัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย หรือร่วมรับผิดชอบใดๆ
- บทความและข้อมูล ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์ในวารสารรัฐศาสตร์และรัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ ถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสาร หากบุคคลหรือหน่วยงานใดต้องการนำข้อมูลไปใช้ประโยชน์ในทางวิชาการ ขอให้อ้างอิงแหล่งที่มาด้วย
References
Abuza, Z. (2009). Thailand’s Failed Experiment? The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/opinion/17iht -edabuza.html?_r=0
AFP. (2013, 23 June). Thailand 'white mask' protesters rally in Bangkok. Fox News. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/06/23/thailand -white-maskprotesters-rally-in-bangkok/
AFP. (2014). Thai junta chief declares 15 months of 'reforms' before general elections. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/31/thai -junta-chiefdeclares-15-months-of-reforms-before-general-elections
Arbis, N. (2013, 27 August). Reconciliation Talks in Thailand Will Be Litmus Test of Parties’ Sincerity. cogitASIA. Retrieved from http://cogitasia.com/reconciliation-talks-in-thailand-will-be-litmustest-of-parties-sincerity/
AsiaMedia. (2006). THAILAND: Manager sued for articles on 'Finland plot'. Retrieved 02 August 2013, from UCLA Asia Institue http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=46976
AsianTribune. (2003). Drug Killings: Let UN come and see, says Thaksin. (493). Retrieved 29 August 2013, from World Institute For Asian Studies http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2003/03/04/drug -killings-let-un-come-and-see-says-thaksin
ASTV. (2008, 29 March). Sonthi encouraged public faith, vowed to be imprisoned for fighting with the fugutive. Manager Online. Retrieved from http://www.manager.co.th/Politics/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9510000037601
ASTV. (2013, 23 August). The final statement, PAD's leaders end their role but ready to regroup at the right time. Manager Online. Retrieved from http://www.manager.co.th/politics/viewnews.aspx?NewsID=9560000105650
BangkokPost. (2006). Military set to publish interim constitution. The Bangkok Post.
BangkokPost. (2013, 24 August). Top PAD bosses resign en masse. Bangkok Post. Retrieved from http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/366123/yellow-shirtleaders-resigns-en-mass
BBC. (2006). Thai premier calls snap election. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia -pacific/4746932.stm
BBC. (2008a, 15 September). Thai faction rejects PM nominee. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7615950.stm
BBC. (2008b, 15 December). Thai opposition head to be new PM. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7782950.stm
BBC. (2008c, 30 August). Thai PM Samak refuses to resign. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7589504.stm
BBC. (2009a, 14 April). Army pressure ends Thai protest. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7997507.stm
BBC. (2009b, 11 April). Thai protests cancel Asian summit. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7994465.stm BBC. (2010). Bangkok protests day-by-day.
BBC. (2013, 20 November). Thailand Constitutional Court rejects Senate amendments. BBC News Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24997184
BBC. (2014a). Thai court rules general election invalid. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-26677772
BBC. (2014b). Thai general denies military coup was planned. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28029977
Bell, T. (2008, 30 November). Thailand: Bangkok airport siege is backed by higher powers. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personalview/3563903/Thailand-Bangkok-airport-siege-is-backed-by-higherpowers.Html
Bell, T. (2009, 08 April). Thai protesters bring Bangkok to a halt. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/5126671/Thai -protesters-bring-Bangkok-to-a-halt.html
Bellman, E., Barta, P., Watcharasakwet, W., & Frangos, A. (2010, 20 May). Spreading Violence Locks Down Bangkok. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703957904575253500682147826.html?mod=WSJ_hps_MIDDLEFifthNews
Campbell, C. (2014). A Yellow Shirt Leader Says the Thai Coup Was Planned in 2010. TIME World Thailand. Retrieved from http://time.com/2910484/thai-coup-planned-2010-suthepthaugsuban/
CNN. (2011, 10 January). First anti-government protests staged in Bangkok since emergency rule. CNN Asia. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/01/09/thailand.red .shirts.return/index.html
Dailynews. (2013, 14 June). "Thai Spring" mobilises "Online Demonstration" to resist Thaksin regime. Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.dailynews.co.th/politics/211959
Doherty, B. (2010, 23 April). Thailand's red shirt rebels offer ceasefire in return for quick election. guardian.co.uk. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20100426130230/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/23/thailand-red-shirts-peace-offer
Economist. (2006). Thailand's military coup; old soldiers, old habits. The Economist (Sep 23rd, 2006).
Fenner, R. (2010, 20 May). Bangkok Fire Ravages Central Pattana's $280 Million Mall After Crackdown. Bloomberg.com. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-05-20/bangkok-fire-ravagescentral-pattana-s-280-million-mall-after-crackdown.html
Fisher, J. (2014). Thailand military seizes power in coup. BBC News Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-27517591
Fuller, T. (2008, 30 August). Thai Protest of Premier Stops Trains and Planes. The New York Times, p. A8. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/30/world/asia/30thai.html?ref=asia&_r=0
Fully, T. (2013, 03 November). Amnesty Bill That Would Clear Ousted Premier Stirs Thai Anger. The New York Times Asia Pacific. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/04/world/asia/amnesty -bill-stirsopposition-in-thailand.html?_r=0
Ganjanakhundee, P. H. a. S. (2006). King the only hope for end to deadlock, say PAD protesters. The Nation. Retrieved from http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/03/26/headlines /headlines_30000238.php
Gazette, P. (2014). Special Report: A nation at the crossroads. Phuket Gazette Special Report. Retrieved from http://www.phuketgazette.net/phuket-news/Special-Report-Anation-at-the-crossroads/23168
Ghosh, N. (2013, 09 September). Reconciliation a tough act for Thailand. ASIA Report. Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/the-bigstory/asia-report/thailand/story/reconciliation-tough-act-thailand-20130909
Groenewald, T. (2008). Memos and Memoing. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods.
Harker, W. R. (2003). The General Election in Thailand 2001: Will The Voters Continue to Buy What Thaksin Is Selling? Paper presented at the Southeast Conference. http://www.virginiareviewofasianstudies.com/wp -content/uploads/2012/06/Harker.pdf
Harvey, R. (2011, 24 November). Flood-hit Thailand economy's long road to recovery. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15867661
Hawkins, D. (2008, 03 December). Thai protesters end airport siege. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asiapacific/2008/12/200812311321225139.html
Head, J. (2008, 16 December). Mountain to climb for new Thai PM. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7783650.stm
Head, J. (2012, 04 September). Has Thailand learned from last year's floods? Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19462160
Head, J. (2013a, 07 November). BBC News - How will Thailand's amnesty bill row end? BBC News Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24846792
Head, J. (2013b). Thai PM Yingluck dissolves parliament and calls election. BBC News Asia. Bangkok. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25252795
Head, J. (2014a). Thailand crisis: Protesters launch Bangkok 'shutdown'. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25708092
Head, J. (2014b). Thailand election disrupted by protests. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-26003995
Horn, R. (2007). Thailand's PM Proxy: Samak. TIME. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1696912,00.html
Hume, T., & Olarn, K. (2014). Thai PM Yingluck Shinawatra dismissed from office by court. CNN International. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/07/world/asia/thailand -yingluckabuse-power-verdict/
Lefevre, A. S. (2013a, 01 November). Political tension flares in Thailand over amnesty bill. Yahoo News. Retrieved from http://news.yahoo.com/political-tension-flares-thailand-overamnesty-bill-090028708.html
Lefevre, A. S. (2013). Thai government survives censure vote after weekend clashes. REUTERS US Edition. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/28/us -thailand-politicsidUSBRE8AR09K20121128
Lefevre, A. S. (2013b, 08 November). Thai Senate delays debate on controversial amnesty bill | Reuters. REUTERS. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/08/us -thailand-protestidUSBRE9A70HF20131108
MacKinnon, I., & Lewis, P. (2008, 27 November). Thai PM snubs call to quit to end airport siege. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/27/thai -thailandairport-siege-protest
MatichonOnline. (2008a, 26 November 2008). PAD called the seizure of Suvarnnabhumi airport "Operation Hiroshima". Retrieved from http://www.matichon.co.th/news_detail.php?newsid=1227666398&grpid=03&catid=01
MatichonOnline. (2008b, 05 October). "Vichan" confirmed gov not interfere the capture of PAD's leader. Retrieved from http://www.matichon.co.th/news_detail.php?newsid=122317 3326&grpid=00&catid=01
McCargo, D., & Pathmanand, U. (2005). The Thaksinization of Thailand. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
McElroy, D., & MacKinnon, I. (2010, 19 May). Bangkok in flames as protesters refuse to back down. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/thailand/7741635/Bangkok-in-flames-as-protesters-refuse-to-back-down.html
Mydans, S., & Fuller, T. (2008, 08 October). Hundreds Injured in Thai Protests. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/08/world/asia/08thai.html?_r=2&em=&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin&oref=slogin
Nation. (2006a). Administrative Court urged to suspend poll results. Retrieved 31 August 2013, from Nation Multimedia Group http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/03/headlines/headlines_30000863.php
Nation. (2006b). HM the King's April 26 speeches (unofficial translation). Retrieved 30 August 2013, from Nation Multimedia Group http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/27/headlines/headlines_30002592.php
Nation. (2006c). PAD dissolved. Retrieved 01 August 2013, from Nation Multimedia Group http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/PAD-dissolved-30014245.html
Nation. (2007). The Constitutional Tribunal disbands Thai Rak Thai. Retrieved 02 August 2013, from Nation Multimedia Group http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/05/30/headlines/headlines_30035646.php
Nation. (2013a, 14 June). Red shirts attack, injure white-mask people in Chiang Mai. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Red -shirts-attackinjure-white-mask-people-in-Chia-30208390.html
Nation. (2013b, 07 June). Thai Spring to target Thaksin online. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/Thai-Spring-to-target-Thaksin-online-30207787.html
Nation, T. (2014). PDRC launches 'all-out battle' with six processions of protesters. The Nation Politics. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/PDRC-launches-all-outbattle-with-six-processions--30233248.html
Nattion. (2008, 21 June). PAD RELOCATES TO GOVT HOUSE. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2008/06/21/headlines/headlines_30076104.php
Nelson, M. (2013, 19 November). Red shirts, 312 Thai lawmakers defy Constitutional Court. FreeDistrict.com Asia Pacific. Retrieved from http://www.freedistrict.com/2-asia/thailand/4981/red-shirts-312-thai-lawmakers-defy-constitutional-court.html
Pasuk, P., & Baker, C. J. (2009). Thaksin (2nd ed. ed.). Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books.
Phongpaichit, C. B. a. P. (2004). Thaksin: The Business of Politics in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
Reporters, P. (2013). Suthep declares 'people's revolt'. Bangkok Post News: Politics. Retrieved from http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/382361/suthep -declares-people-revolt
Richburg, K. B. (2005). Thai Leader Applauded For Tsunami Response. The Washington Post, p. A21. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59687-2005Jan8.html
Roberts, J. (2013, 20 August). Thailand: Amnesty bill exposes ruling elite’s divisions. World Socialist Website. Retrieved from http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/08/20/thai -a20.html
Rojanaphruk, P. (2008, 17 December). Question loom over new Prime Minister's legitimacy. The Nation. Retrieved from http://nationmultimedia.com/2008/12/17/politics/politics_30091207.php
Saiyasombut, S. (2013, 27 August). Is this the end for Thailand’s ultranationalist yellow shirts? Saiyasombut. Retrieved from http://saiyasombut.wordpress.com/2013/08/27/is -this-the-end-forthailands-ultra-nationalist-yellow-shirts/
Sapsomboon, S. (2013, 28 May). The white masks that give a new face to Thai protest. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/The-white-masks-thatgive-a-new-face-to-Thai-prote-30207004.html
Sidhisamarn, K. (2006). The Finland Plan, Thaksin Strategy. The Manager Online, 15 May 2006. Retrieved from Manager Online website: http://www.manager.co.th/Daily/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9490000063603
Sidner, S. (2011, 04 July). Yingluck Shinawatra set to be Thailand's first female premier. CNN Asia. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/07/03/thailand.election/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
Sinpeng, A., & Contributor, G. (2013). Who’s who in Thailand’s antigovernment forces? New Mandala Thailand. Retrieved from http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/11/30/whos -whoin-the-anti-government-forces-in-thailand/
Somasundrum, M. (2008, 03 December). Shuffling towards fascism. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/dec/03/thailand
Storey, I. (2007). 2007 Marks the Key Year in Thailand’s Southern Insurgency. Terrorism Monitor, 5(2).
Szep, J., & Ahuja, A. (2011, 07 June). Special Report: Defiance in Thailand's "red shirt villages". Reuters Special Report. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/07/us -thailandelection-idUSTRE75614T20110607
Tejapira, K. (2006). Toppling Thaksin. New Left Review, 39(May-June 2006), 5-22.
Ungpakorn, G. J. (2007). A Coup for the Rich. Thailandís political crisis. Bangkok: Workers Democracy Publishing.
Wohlwender, M. (2014). Thai junta drive to 'return happiness' – in pictures. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2014/jun/18/thai -juntahappiness-in-pictures
Xinhua. (2014). Thai junta urges other countries not to aid dissidents. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2014 -07/09/content_32904597.htm
AFP. (2013, 23 June). Thailand 'white mask' protesters rally in Bangkok. Fox News. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/06/23/thailand -white-maskprotesters-rally-in-bangkok/
AFP. (2014). Thai junta chief declares 15 months of 'reforms' before general elections. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/31/thai -junta-chiefdeclares-15-months-of-reforms-before-general-elections
Arbis, N. (2013, 27 August). Reconciliation Talks in Thailand Will Be Litmus Test of Parties’ Sincerity. cogitASIA. Retrieved from http://cogitasia.com/reconciliation-talks-in-thailand-will-be-litmustest-of-parties-sincerity/
AsiaMedia. (2006). THAILAND: Manager sued for articles on 'Finland plot'. Retrieved 02 August 2013, from UCLA Asia Institue http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=46976
AsianTribune. (2003). Drug Killings: Let UN come and see, says Thaksin. (493). Retrieved 29 August 2013, from World Institute For Asian Studies http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2003/03/04/drug -killings-let-un-come-and-see-says-thaksin
ASTV. (2008, 29 March). Sonthi encouraged public faith, vowed to be imprisoned for fighting with the fugutive. Manager Online. Retrieved from http://www.manager.co.th/Politics/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9510000037601
ASTV. (2013, 23 August). The final statement, PAD's leaders end their role but ready to regroup at the right time. Manager Online. Retrieved from http://www.manager.co.th/politics/viewnews.aspx?NewsID=9560000105650
BangkokPost. (2006). Military set to publish interim constitution. The Bangkok Post.
BangkokPost. (2013, 24 August). Top PAD bosses resign en masse. Bangkok Post. Retrieved from http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/366123/yellow-shirtleaders-resigns-en-mass
BBC. (2006). Thai premier calls snap election. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia -pacific/4746932.stm
BBC. (2008a, 15 September). Thai faction rejects PM nominee. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7615950.stm
BBC. (2008b, 15 December). Thai opposition head to be new PM. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7782950.stm
BBC. (2008c, 30 August). Thai PM Samak refuses to resign. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7589504.stm
BBC. (2009a, 14 April). Army pressure ends Thai protest. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7997507.stm
BBC. (2009b, 11 April). Thai protests cancel Asian summit. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7994465.stm BBC. (2010). Bangkok protests day-by-day.
BBC. (2013, 20 November). Thailand Constitutional Court rejects Senate amendments. BBC News Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24997184
BBC. (2014a). Thai court rules general election invalid. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-26677772
BBC. (2014b). Thai general denies military coup was planned. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28029977
Bell, T. (2008, 30 November). Thailand: Bangkok airport siege is backed by higher powers. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personalview/3563903/Thailand-Bangkok-airport-siege-is-backed-by-higherpowers.Html
Bell, T. (2009, 08 April). Thai protesters bring Bangkok to a halt. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/5126671/Thai -protesters-bring-Bangkok-to-a-halt.html
Bellman, E., Barta, P., Watcharasakwet, W., & Frangos, A. (2010, 20 May). Spreading Violence Locks Down Bangkok. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703957904575253500682147826.html?mod=WSJ_hps_MIDDLEFifthNews
Campbell, C. (2014). A Yellow Shirt Leader Says the Thai Coup Was Planned in 2010. TIME World Thailand. Retrieved from http://time.com/2910484/thai-coup-planned-2010-suthepthaugsuban/
CNN. (2011, 10 January). First anti-government protests staged in Bangkok since emergency rule. CNN Asia. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/01/09/thailand.red .shirts.return/index.html
Dailynews. (2013, 14 June). "Thai Spring" mobilises "Online Demonstration" to resist Thaksin regime. Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.dailynews.co.th/politics/211959
Doherty, B. (2010, 23 April). Thailand's red shirt rebels offer ceasefire in return for quick election. guardian.co.uk. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20100426130230/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/23/thailand-red-shirts-peace-offer
Economist. (2006). Thailand's military coup; old soldiers, old habits. The Economist (Sep 23rd, 2006).
Fenner, R. (2010, 20 May). Bangkok Fire Ravages Central Pattana's $280 Million Mall After Crackdown. Bloomberg.com. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-05-20/bangkok-fire-ravagescentral-pattana-s-280-million-mall-after-crackdown.html
Fisher, J. (2014). Thailand military seizes power in coup. BBC News Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-27517591
Fuller, T. (2008, 30 August). Thai Protest of Premier Stops Trains and Planes. The New York Times, p. A8. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/30/world/asia/30thai.html?ref=asia&_r=0
Fully, T. (2013, 03 November). Amnesty Bill That Would Clear Ousted Premier Stirs Thai Anger. The New York Times Asia Pacific. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/04/world/asia/amnesty -bill-stirsopposition-in-thailand.html?_r=0
Ganjanakhundee, P. H. a. S. (2006). King the only hope for end to deadlock, say PAD protesters. The Nation. Retrieved from http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/03/26/headlines /headlines_30000238.php
Gazette, P. (2014). Special Report: A nation at the crossroads. Phuket Gazette Special Report. Retrieved from http://www.phuketgazette.net/phuket-news/Special-Report-Anation-at-the-crossroads/23168
Ghosh, N. (2013, 09 September). Reconciliation a tough act for Thailand. ASIA Report. Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/the-bigstory/asia-report/thailand/story/reconciliation-tough-act-thailand-20130909
Groenewald, T. (2008). Memos and Memoing. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods.
Harker, W. R. (2003). The General Election in Thailand 2001: Will The Voters Continue to Buy What Thaksin Is Selling? Paper presented at the Southeast Conference. http://www.virginiareviewofasianstudies.com/wp -content/uploads/2012/06/Harker.pdf
Harvey, R. (2011, 24 November). Flood-hit Thailand economy's long road to recovery. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15867661
Hawkins, D. (2008, 03 December). Thai protesters end airport siege. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asiapacific/2008/12/200812311321225139.html
Head, J. (2008, 16 December). Mountain to climb for new Thai PM. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asiapacific/7783650.stm
Head, J. (2012, 04 September). Has Thailand learned from last year's floods? Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19462160
Head, J. (2013a, 07 November). BBC News - How will Thailand's amnesty bill row end? BBC News Asia. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24846792
Head, J. (2013b). Thai PM Yingluck dissolves parliament and calls election. BBC News Asia. Bangkok. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25252795
Head, J. (2014a). Thailand crisis: Protesters launch Bangkok 'shutdown'. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25708092
Head, J. (2014b). Thailand election disrupted by protests. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-26003995
Horn, R. (2007). Thailand's PM Proxy: Samak. TIME. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1696912,00.html
Hume, T., & Olarn, K. (2014). Thai PM Yingluck Shinawatra dismissed from office by court. CNN International. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/07/world/asia/thailand -yingluckabuse-power-verdict/
Lefevre, A. S. (2013a, 01 November). Political tension flares in Thailand over amnesty bill. Yahoo News. Retrieved from http://news.yahoo.com/political-tension-flares-thailand-overamnesty-bill-090028708.html
Lefevre, A. S. (2013). Thai government survives censure vote after weekend clashes. REUTERS US Edition. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/28/us -thailand-politicsidUSBRE8AR09K20121128
Lefevre, A. S. (2013b, 08 November). Thai Senate delays debate on controversial amnesty bill | Reuters. REUTERS. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/08/us -thailand-protestidUSBRE9A70HF20131108
MacKinnon, I., & Lewis, P. (2008, 27 November). Thai PM snubs call to quit to end airport siege. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/27/thai -thailandairport-siege-protest
MatichonOnline. (2008a, 26 November 2008). PAD called the seizure of Suvarnnabhumi airport "Operation Hiroshima". Retrieved from http://www.matichon.co.th/news_detail.php?newsid=1227666398&grpid=03&catid=01
MatichonOnline. (2008b, 05 October). "Vichan" confirmed gov not interfere the capture of PAD's leader. Retrieved from http://www.matichon.co.th/news_detail.php?newsid=122317 3326&grpid=00&catid=01
McCargo, D., & Pathmanand, U. (2005). The Thaksinization of Thailand. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.
McElroy, D., & MacKinnon, I. (2010, 19 May). Bangkok in flames as protesters refuse to back down. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/thailand/7741635/Bangkok-in-flames-as-protesters-refuse-to-back-down.html
Mydans, S., & Fuller, T. (2008, 08 October). Hundreds Injured in Thai Protests. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/08/world/asia/08thai.html?_r=2&em=&pagewanted=print&oref=slogin&oref=slogin
Nation. (2006a). Administrative Court urged to suspend poll results. Retrieved 31 August 2013, from Nation Multimedia Group http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/03/headlines/headlines_30000863.php
Nation. (2006b). HM the King's April 26 speeches (unofficial translation). Retrieved 30 August 2013, from Nation Multimedia Group http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/04/27/headlines/headlines_30002592.php
Nation. (2006c). PAD dissolved. Retrieved 01 August 2013, from Nation Multimedia Group http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/PAD-dissolved-30014245.html
Nation. (2007). The Constitutional Tribunal disbands Thai Rak Thai. Retrieved 02 August 2013, from Nation Multimedia Group http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2007/05/30/headlines/headlines_30035646.php
Nation. (2013a, 14 June). Red shirts attack, injure white-mask people in Chiang Mai. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Red -shirts-attackinjure-white-mask-people-in-Chia-30208390.html
Nation. (2013b, 07 June). Thai Spring to target Thaksin online. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/Thai-Spring-to-target-Thaksin-online-30207787.html
Nation, T. (2014). PDRC launches 'all-out battle' with six processions of protesters. The Nation Politics. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/PDRC-launches-all-outbattle-with-six-processions--30233248.html
Nattion. (2008, 21 June). PAD RELOCATES TO GOVT HOUSE. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2008/06/21/headlines/headlines_30076104.php
Nelson, M. (2013, 19 November). Red shirts, 312 Thai lawmakers defy Constitutional Court. FreeDistrict.com Asia Pacific. Retrieved from http://www.freedistrict.com/2-asia/thailand/4981/red-shirts-312-thai-lawmakers-defy-constitutional-court.html
Pasuk, P., & Baker, C. J. (2009). Thaksin (2nd ed. ed.). Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books.
Phongpaichit, C. B. a. P. (2004). Thaksin: The Business of Politics in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
Reporters, P. (2013). Suthep declares 'people's revolt'. Bangkok Post News: Politics. Retrieved from http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/382361/suthep -declares-people-revolt
Richburg, K. B. (2005). Thai Leader Applauded For Tsunami Response. The Washington Post, p. A21. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59687-2005Jan8.html
Roberts, J. (2013, 20 August). Thailand: Amnesty bill exposes ruling elite’s divisions. World Socialist Website. Retrieved from http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/08/20/thai -a20.html
Rojanaphruk, P. (2008, 17 December). Question loom over new Prime Minister's legitimacy. The Nation. Retrieved from http://nationmultimedia.com/2008/12/17/politics/politics_30091207.php
Saiyasombut, S. (2013, 27 August). Is this the end for Thailand’s ultranationalist yellow shirts? Saiyasombut. Retrieved from http://saiyasombut.wordpress.com/2013/08/27/is -this-the-end-forthailands-ultra-nationalist-yellow-shirts/
Sapsomboon, S. (2013, 28 May). The white masks that give a new face to Thai protest. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/The-white-masks-thatgive-a-new-face-to-Thai-prote-30207004.html
Sidhisamarn, K. (2006). The Finland Plan, Thaksin Strategy. The Manager Online, 15 May 2006. Retrieved from Manager Online website: http://www.manager.co.th/Daily/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9490000063603
Sidner, S. (2011, 04 July). Yingluck Shinawatra set to be Thailand's first female premier. CNN Asia. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/07/03/thailand.election/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
Sinpeng, A., & Contributor, G. (2013). Who’s who in Thailand’s antigovernment forces? New Mandala Thailand. Retrieved from http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/11/30/whos -whoin-the-anti-government-forces-in-thailand/
Somasundrum, M. (2008, 03 December). Shuffling towards fascism. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/dec/03/thailand
Storey, I. (2007). 2007 Marks the Key Year in Thailand’s Southern Insurgency. Terrorism Monitor, 5(2).
Szep, J., & Ahuja, A. (2011, 07 June). Special Report: Defiance in Thailand's "red shirt villages". Reuters Special Report. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/07/us -thailandelection-idUSTRE75614T20110607
Tejapira, K. (2006). Toppling Thaksin. New Left Review, 39(May-June 2006), 5-22.
Ungpakorn, G. J. (2007). A Coup for the Rich. Thailandís political crisis. Bangkok: Workers Democracy Publishing.
Wohlwender, M. (2014). Thai junta drive to 'return happiness' – in pictures. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2014/jun/18/thai -juntahappiness-in-pictures
Xinhua. (2014). Thai junta urges other countries not to aid dissidents. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2014 -07/09/content_32904597.htm