References

Our journal require authors to use the AMA citation format.  The AMA Styles specifies the writing and citation styles for use in the journals published by the American Medical Association.

To create in-text citations in the AMA style, you just need to include a number in superscript where the source is relevant. Often, a citation is shown with a quote or at the end of the sentence where the source has contributed. The numbers used should be in chronological order from the beginning of the paper to the end.

General rules
•   Items are listed numerically in the order they are cited in the text.
•   Include up to 6 authors (If more than six, provide the names of the first three authors and then add “et al”).
•   If there is no author, start with the title.
•   Periodicals (journals, magazines, and newspapers) should have abbreviated titles.

Example

Journal Article
•   Viglione G. How many people has the coronavirus killed? Nature. 2020;585(7823):22-24. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02497-w
•   Morgan RW, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Nadkarni VM, Sutton RM, Berg RA. Sepsis-associated in-hospital cardiac arrest: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential therapies. J Crit Care. 2017;40:128-135. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.03.023
•   Nabozny MJ, Kruser JM, Steffens NM, et al. Constructing high-stakes surgical decisions: it’s better to die trying. Ann Surg. 2016;263(1):64-70. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001081
•   Guggenheim JA, Williams C; UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium. Role of educational exposure in the association between myopia and birth order. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(12):1408-1414. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.3556

Abstract
•   Kelly MS, Benjamin DK, Puopolo KM, et al. Potential cytomegalovirus infection and the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(12):e153785. Abstract republished in: JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(12):1095.

Entire Book
•   Mullany P, Roberts AP, eds. Clostridium difficile: Methods and Protocols. Humana Press; 2010.
•   American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

Book Chapter
•   Boushey CJ. Application of research paradigms to nutrition practice. In: Coulston AM, Boushey CJ, Ferruzzi MG, eds. Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease. 3rd ed. Academic Press; 2013:99-105.

Meeting Presentations
•   Pasternak B. Carvedilol vs metoprolol succinate and risk of mortality in patients with heart failure: national cohort study. Paper presented at: European Society of Cardiology Congress; August 31, 2014; Barcelona, Spain.
•   Resnick ML. The effect of affect: decision making in the emotional context of health care. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care: Bridging the Gap. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society; 2012:39-44.

Dissertations and Theses
•   Maiti N. Association Between Bullying Behaviors, Health Characteristics, and Injuries Among Adolescents in the United States. Dissertation. Palo Alto University; 2010.
•   Neel ST. A Cost-Minimization and Policy Analysis Comparing Immediate Sequential Cataract Surgery and Delayed Sequential Cataract Surgery From Payer, Patient, Physician, and Surgical Facility Perspectives in the United States. Master’s thesis. London School of Economics and Political Science; 2013.

Electronic Material or Website
•   Shuster C, Hurlburt A, Tam P, Staples JA. Unplanned hospital readmissions in British Columbia. BCMJ. 2018;60(5):263-267. Accessed January 4, 2021. https://www.bcmj.org/sites/default/files/public/BCMJ_Vol60_No5_hospital_readmissions.pdf
•   Guyatt G, Rennie D, Meade MO, Cook DJ. Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature: A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2015. Accessed December 1, 2020. https://jamaevidence.mhmedical.com/book.aspx? bookID=847
•   World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. Updated November 23, 2020. Accessed December 1, 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
•   Guber S. When music is the best medicine. New York Times. September 26, 2019. Accessed December 1, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/26/well/live/music- therapy-cancer.html
•   Khan Academy health and medicine YouTube page. Accessed December 1, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/user/khanacademymedicine
•   Gray T. Advice after mischief is like medicine after death. AMA Style Insider blog. February 11, 2019. Accessed December 1, 2020. https://amastyleinsider.com/2019/02/11/advice-after-mischief-is-like-medicine-after- death/