Evaluation of Native and Carboxymethyl Yam (Dioscorea esculenta) Starches as Tablet Disintegrants
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Abstract
Native yam starch and carboxymethyl yam starch (CMS) were evaluated as tablet disintegrants incomparison with various starches i.e., corn starch, tapioca starch and rice starch. Direct compressioncomposition comprised dibasic calcium phosphate as a filler, each starch at various concentrations between3-15% w/w as a disintegrant and magnesium stearate as a lubricant. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was used asa model drug for drug dissolution testing. Tablet properties including hardness, friability, disintegration anddissolution were evaluated. The results showed that tablet hardness increased with the amount of starch in thetablets. Tablets containing yam starch and rice starch showed higher tablet hardness than other native starches,while the tablets containing CMS showed obvious superior hardness to that of the other starches. Thedisintegration of tablets containing native yam starch was faster than that of tablets with corn, rice, and tapiocastarches. With increasing native starch concentrations, the disintegration of the tablets was found to be faster.Tablets with CMS disintegrated in a similar manner to those with native yam starch when the concentrationswere up to 9% by weight. The disintegration was delayed with higher concentrations. The HCTZ tablet withyam starch as a disintegrant gave faster initial dissolution than the others. It can be concluded that native yamstarch and its carboxymethyl derivative can be used as superior disintegrants in tablet formulation.
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