ผลของไคโตแซนและเลวามิโซลต่อการเจริญเติบโตและภูมิคุ้มกันของปลานิล (Oreochromis niloticus) ที่เลี้ยงในกระชังบ่อดิน
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Published:
Mar 31, 2019
Keywords:
chitosan levamisole growth performance immune response Nile tilapia
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Abstract
Abstract
This experiment aimed to study the effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan and levamisole on the growth performance, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Nile tilapia in earthen-pond cage culture. Fish were divided into 4 groups before being fed for 12 weeks with unsupplemented commercial diet as the control, 1% of chitosan, 250 mg/kg feed of levamisole and 1 % chitosan plus 250 mg/kg feed of levamisole. Results showed dietary supplementation of chitosan and levamisole enhanced the growth with better feed conversion ratio of all treated fish significantly. Lysozyme and complement activity were significantly enhanced in fish fed with 1 % of chitosan, 250 mg/kg levamisole and 1% chitosan plus 250 mg/kg diet, in correlation with higher survival rate of experimental fish challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae, compared to the control. These results suggest that administration of 1 % chitosan or 250 mg/kg feed of levamisole in the diet can enhance growth performance and improve resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus agalactiae.
Keywords: chitosan; levamisole; growth performance; immune response; Nile tilapia
Article Details
Section
Biological Sciences
References
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[14] Bhatnagar, A. and Lamba, R., 2016, Immunostimulating and growth promoting activity of dietary levamisole on Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings, J. Aquacult. Mar. Biol. 4(6): 00102.
[15] Su, P., Han, Y., Jiang, C., Ma, Y., Pan, J., Liu, S. and Zhang, T., 2017, Effects of chitosan-oligosaccharides on growth performance, digestive enzyme and intestinal bacterial flora of tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes Temminck et Schlegel, 1850), J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33: 458-467.
[16] Wang, L., Liao, T.T., Wang, X.L., Yuan, G.P. and Yuan, S.B., 2015, Chitosan supplementation may improve the digestive physiology and health of captive Leiothrix lutea, Avian Biol. Res. 8: 221-226.
[17] Xu, Y., Shi, B., Yan, S., Li, J., Li, T., Guo, Y. and Guo, X., 2014, Effects of chitosan supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weaned pigs, Czech J. Animal Sci. 59: 156-163.
[18] Maqsood, S., Samoon, M.H. and Singh, P., 2009, Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effect of dietary levamisole in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings against the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila, Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 9: 111-120.
[19] Kumari, J. and Sahoo, P.K., 2006, Non-specific immune response of healthy and immuno- compromised Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus) to several Immunosti mulants, Aquaculture 255: 133-141.
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[21] Cha, S.H., Lee, J.S., Song, C.B., Lee, K.J. and Joen, Y.J., 2008, Effects of chitosan-coated diet on improving water quality and innate immunity in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Aquaculture 278: 110-118.
[22] Abdelkhalek, N.K.M., Zaki, V.H. and Yousef, M.A., 2008, Effect of some immunostimulants on health status and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), pp. 1073-1088, Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture 2008.
[23] Gopalakannan, A. and Arul, V., 2006, Immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin, chitosan and levamisole on the immune system of Cyprinus carpio and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in ponds, Aquaculture 255: 179-187.
[24] Geng, X., Dong, X.H., Tan, B.T., Yang, Q.H., Chi, S.Y., Liu, H.Y. and Liu, X.Q., 2011, Effects of dietary chitosan and Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, Fish Shellfish Immunol. 31: 400-406.
[2] Suanyuk, N., Kong, F., Ko, D., Gilbert, G.L. and Supamattaya, K., 2008, Occurrence of rare genotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae in cultured red tilapia Oreochromis sp. and Nile tilapia O. niloticus in Thailand – Relationship to human isolates?, Aquaculture 284: 35-40.
[3] Amal, M.N.A. and Zamri-Saad, M., 2011, Streptococcosis in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A review, Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 34: 195-206.
[4] Anderson, D.P. and Siwicki, A.K., 1994, Duration of protection against Aeromonas salmonicida in brook trout immunostimu lated with glucan or chitosan by injection or immersion, Prog. Fish Cult. 56: 258-261.
[5] Janssen, P.A., 1976, The levamisole story, Prog. Drug Res. 20: 347-383.
[6] Renoux, G., 1980, The general immune pharmacology of levamisole, Drugs 19: 88-89.
[7] Morimoto, C., Abe, T. and Homma, M., 1979, Restoration of T-cell function in aged mice with long-term administration of levamisole, Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 12: 316-322.
[8] Anderson, D.P., Siwicki, A.K. and Dixon, O.W., 1989, Immunostimulation by Levamisole in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) In Vivo, pp. 469-478, In Ahne, W. and Kurstak, E. (Eds.), Viruses of Lower Vertebrates, Springer-Verlag, New York.
[9] Li, P., Wang, X. and Gatlin III, D.M., 2004, Excessive dietary levamisole suppresses growth performance of hybrid stripped bass, Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis, and elevated levamisole in vitro impairs macrophage function, Aquacult. Res. 35: 1380-1383.
[10] Secombes, C.J., 1990, Isolation of Salmonid Macrophages and Analysis of their Killing Activity, pp. 137-154, In Stolen, J.S., Fletcher, T.C., Anderson, D.P., Robertson B.S. and van Muiswinkel, W.B. (Eds.), Techniques in Fish Immunology, Fair Haven, SOS Publications, New Jersey.
[11] Stasiak, A.S. and Bauman, C.P., 1996, Neutrophil activity as a potential bioindicator for contaminant analysis, Fish Shellfish Immunol. 6: 537-539.
[12] Parry, R.M., Chandau, R.C. and Shahani, R.M., 1965, A rapid and sensitive assay of muramidase, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 119: 384-386.
[13] Ortuno, J. Esteban, M.A., Mulero, V. and Meseguer, J., 1998, Methods for Studying the Haemolytic, Chemoattractant and Opsonic Activities of Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Serum, pp. 97-100, In Barnes, A.C., Davidson, G.A., Hiney, M P. and McIntosh, D. (Eds.), Methodology in Fish Diseases Research, Fisheries Research Services, Aberdeen.
[14] Bhatnagar, A. and Lamba, R., 2016, Immunostimulating and growth promoting activity of dietary levamisole on Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings, J. Aquacult. Mar. Biol. 4(6): 00102.
[15] Su, P., Han, Y., Jiang, C., Ma, Y., Pan, J., Liu, S. and Zhang, T., 2017, Effects of chitosan-oligosaccharides on growth performance, digestive enzyme and intestinal bacterial flora of tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes Temminck et Schlegel, 1850), J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33: 458-467.
[16] Wang, L., Liao, T.T., Wang, X.L., Yuan, G.P. and Yuan, S.B., 2015, Chitosan supplementation may improve the digestive physiology and health of captive Leiothrix lutea, Avian Biol. Res. 8: 221-226.
[17] Xu, Y., Shi, B., Yan, S., Li, J., Li, T., Guo, Y. and Guo, X., 2014, Effects of chitosan supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weaned pigs, Czech J. Animal Sci. 59: 156-163.
[18] Maqsood, S., Samoon, M.H. and Singh, P., 2009, Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effect of dietary levamisole in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings against the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila, Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 9: 111-120.
[19] Kumari, J. and Sahoo, P.K., 2006, Non-specific immune response of healthy and immuno- compromised Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus) to several Immunosti mulants, Aquaculture 255: 133-141.
[20] Robertsen, B., 1994, Beta Glucans as Immunostimulants in Fish, pp. 83-99, In Engstad, R.E., Jorenson, J.B., Stolen, J.S., and Fletcher, T.C. (Eds.), Modulators of Fish Immune Responses: Models for Environmental Toxicology, Biomarkers and Immunostimulators, SOS Publica tions, Fair Haven.
[21] Cha, S.H., Lee, J.S., Song, C.B., Lee, K.J. and Joen, Y.J., 2008, Effects of chitosan-coated diet on improving water quality and innate immunity in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Aquaculture 278: 110-118.
[22] Abdelkhalek, N.K.M., Zaki, V.H. and Yousef, M.A., 2008, Effect of some immunostimulants on health status and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), pp. 1073-1088, Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture 2008.
[23] Gopalakannan, A. and Arul, V., 2006, Immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin, chitosan and levamisole on the immune system of Cyprinus carpio and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in ponds, Aquaculture 255: 179-187.
[24] Geng, X., Dong, X.H., Tan, B.T., Yang, Q.H., Chi, S.Y., Liu, H.Y. and Liu, X.Q., 2011, Effects of dietary chitosan and Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, Fish Shellfish Immunol. 31: 400-406.